全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1238篇 |
免费 | 49篇 |
国内免费 | 95篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 50篇 |
废物处理 | 44篇 |
环保管理 | 198篇 |
综合类 | 292篇 |
基础理论 | 316篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 327篇 |
评价与监测 | 87篇 |
社会与环境 | 57篇 |
灾害及防治 | 10篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 44篇 |
2022年 | 47篇 |
2021年 | 34篇 |
2020年 | 26篇 |
2019年 | 41篇 |
2018年 | 37篇 |
2017年 | 50篇 |
2016年 | 56篇 |
2015年 | 49篇 |
2014年 | 61篇 |
2013年 | 113篇 |
2012年 | 57篇 |
2011年 | 102篇 |
2010年 | 74篇 |
2009年 | 48篇 |
2008年 | 62篇 |
2007年 | 68篇 |
2006年 | 75篇 |
2005年 | 38篇 |
2004年 | 34篇 |
2003年 | 39篇 |
2002年 | 37篇 |
2001年 | 34篇 |
2000年 | 13篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 12篇 |
1997年 | 15篇 |
1996年 | 17篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1941年 | 1篇 |
1936年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1382条查询结果,搜索用时 357 毫秒
991.
Edward Franzblau Carl J. Popp Eric W. Prestbo Nancy A. Marley Jeffrey S. Gaffney 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1993,24(3):231-242
Remote measurements of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were recorded in the brown cloud over Albuquerque, NM, using absorption spectroscopy in the winter of 1987-88 and summer of 1989. The NO2 burdens (optical densities) measured in this manner were found to be in excess of 100 ppm-m. These long pathlength measurements correspond to total concentrations of approximately 5–10 ppb over the integrated observation pathlengths, which ranged from 10–20 km. These concentrations compare well with single location, independent NO
x
analyses. Using two correlation (absorption) spectrometers simultaneously, it was shown that the NO2 distribution is not uniform over the city and can change on the order of minutes in the boundary layer late in the day, demonstrating the advantages of NO2 optical measurements for assessing the location and extent of urban nitrogen dioxide levels in the boundary layer. 相似文献
992.
993.
为提升高处吊篮作业的安全防护水平,为建筑施工安全防护预警模型研究提供理论支持,针对安全防护不足和缺位对高处吊篮作业的不利影响,建立高处吊篮作业安全防护预警指标体系。通过对作业人员的筛选,作业信息采集及数据化处理,构建基于SVM(支持向量机)的高处吊篮作业安全防护预警模型。最后,通过对历史样本数据仿真模拟验证模型的适用性和可行性。研究结果表明:建筑施工高处吊篮作业安全防护预警模型的仿真模拟结果与实际结果相比较为吻合,从安全防护审批、个体防护用品、安全防护设施、安全防护标识、心理生理防护及作业条件防护6个方面进行分析构建的安全防护预警模型可为高处吊篮作业提供预警支持,并可作为建筑企业安全管理系统的一部分,推广至其他特种作业领域。 相似文献
994.
Eric C. Reichard L. Jeff Lefkoff 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1987,23(4):717-721
Knapp and Feinerman (1985) pose and solve a problem of steady-state allocation of ground water based directly on the underlying dynamic problem. Their dynamic steady-state formulation incorporates both the equations of transient ground. water flow and the discount rate. We wish to discuss two aspects of their analysis. First, we question their assertion that the computational advantages of the dynamic steady.state formulation will justify its substitution for the full transient problem. In fact, the dynamic steady-state problem will often be harder to solve than the properly formulated transient problem. Second, we argue that the dynamic steady-state is a concept that has limited applicability in ground-water management. In cases where the optimal steady state is indeed useful, the dynamic solution is often identical to the static solution. 相似文献
995.
996.
The equilibrium partitioning method (EqP-method) can be used to calculate soil quality standards (expressed in mg/kg) from aquatic quality standards (expressed in microg/l) using a partitioning coefficient. The validity of this application of the EqP-method was studied comparing aquatic with terrestrial toxicity data. The data set collected for deriving environmental quality standards in the Netherlands, was used for this study. For 10 organic substances (chlorpyrifos, atrazine, carbofuran, pentachlorophenol, chlordane, aldrin, trichlorobenzene, heptachlor, trichlorophenol and trichloroethene) and for 8 metals, sufficient data were available. The aquatic toxicity data were multiplied by the partitioning coefficient in order to obtain aquatic data expressed in mg/kg. For some compounds the terrestrial toxicity data were significantly higher than the aquatic data but for other compounds it was the other way around. These differences indicate that the EqP-method can give significant over-or underestimations, due to inaccurate partitioning coefficients or differences in species sensitivities. These over- or underestimations can have an impact on the setting of environmental quality standards which are based on the hazardous concentration 5% (HC5) values. The uncertainty in the calculation of HC5 values attributed to the use of the EqP-method, was quantified. The HC5 values derived using the EqP-method were in 5% of the cases more than 20 times higher than the corresponding HC5 values that were derived directly from soil toxicity tests. Despite of this uncertainty the use of the EqP-method can still be advocated for setting soil quality guidelines when only a very limited number of terrestrial toxicity data are available. 相似文献
997.
998.
Basic physical-chemical properties of five bromine and chlorine containing mixed halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles (HDBPs) were determined using established methods. Subcooled liquid vapour pressures (P(o)(L,25)), aqueous solubilities (S(w,25)), and octanol/water partition coefficients (K(ow)) were determined using the gas chromatography-retention time, generator column, and slow-stirring methods, respectively. Henry's Law constants (H25) were estimated using experimentally-derived P(o)(L) and S(w,25) data. Values of all four properties were generally similar to those reported for other polyhalogenated aromatic compounds [P(o)(L,25) = (7.55-191) x 10(-6) Pa; S(w,25) = (1.0-1.9) x 10(-5) g/l; log K(ow) = 6.4-6.7; H25 = 0.0020-0.14 Pa m3/mol]. The effect of replacing a chlorine with a bromine atom significantly decreased P(o)(L,25) (log P(o)(L,25) = -0.4197 (# bromine atoms) - 2.643, p<0.01) and H25 (log H25 = -0.508 (# bromine atoms) + 0.394, p<0.02). There were no significant effects of bromine/chlorine substitution on S(w,25) or K(ow). A simple Level I equilibrium partitioning model predicted the environmental behaviour of HDBPs to be similar to a tetrabrominated diphenyl ether. Only slight differences in behaviour amongst HDBP congeners were predicted since substitution of a bromine for a chlorine (Cl/Br substitution) atom had less effect than H/Cl or H/Br substitution on P(o)(L,25), S(w,25), H25, and K(ow). 相似文献
999.
Hogrefe C Sistla G Zalewsky E Hao W Ku JY 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2003,53(9):1121-1129
In the United States, emission processing models such as Emissions Modeling System-2001 (EMS-2001), Emissions Preprocessor System-Version 2.5 (EPS2.5), and the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) model are currently being used to generate gridded, hourly, speciated emission inputs for urban and regional-scale photochemical models from aggregated pollutant inventories. In this study, two models, EMS-2001 and SMOKE, were applied with their default internal data sets to process a common inventory database for a high ozone (O3) episode over the eastern United States using the Carbon Bond IV (CB4) chemical speciation mechanism. A comparison of the emissions processed by these systems shows differences in all three of the major processing steps performed by the two models (i.e., in temporal allocation, spatial allocation, and chemical speciation). Results from a simulation with a photochemical model using these two sets of emissions indicate differences on the order of +/- 20 ppb in the predicted 1-hr daily maximum O3 concentrations. It is therefore critical to develop and implement more common and synchronized temporal, spatial, and speciation cross-reference systems such that the processes within each emissions model converge toward reasonably similar results. This would also help to increase confidence in the validity of photochemical grid model results by reducing one aspect of modeling uncertainty. 相似文献
1000.
Hecker Markus Hollert Henner Cooper Ralph Vinggaard Anne-Marie Akahori Yumi Murphy Margaret Nellemann Christine Higley Eric Newsted John Wu Rudolph Lam Paul Laskey John Buckalew Angela Grund Stefanie Nakai Makoto Timm Gary Giesy John 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(1):23-30
Background, Goals and Scope In response to concerns that have been raised about chemical substances that may alter the function of endocrine systems and
result in adverse effects on human health, an OECD initiative was undertaken to develop and validate in vitro and in vivo assays to identify chemicals that may interfere with endocrine systems of vertebrates. Here we report on studies that were
conducted to develop and standardize a cell-based screening assay using the H295R cell line to prioritize chemicals that may
act on steroidogenic processes in humans and wildlife. These studies are currently ongoing as part of the ‘Special Activity
on the Testing and Assessment of Endocrine Disruptors’ within the OECD Test Guidelines Program to review, develop, standardize,
and validate a number of in vitro and in vivo toxicological assays for testing and assessment of chemicals concerning their potential to interact with the endocrine system
of vertebrates.
Study Design Six laboratories from five countries participated in the pre-validation studies. Each laboratory tested the effects of three
model chemicals on the production of testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) using the H295R Steroidogenesis Assay. Chemicals
tested were well described inducers or inhibitors of steroidogenic pathways (forskolin, prochloraz and fadrozole). All experiments
were conducted in 24 well plates following standard protocols. Six different doses per compound were analyzed in triplicate
per plate. A quality control (QC) plate was run in conjunction with the chemical exposure plate to account for inter-assay
variation. Each chemical exposure was conducted two or three times.
Results All laboratories successfully detected increases and/or decreases in hormone production by H295R cells after exposure to the
different model compounds and there was good agreement in the pattern of response for all groups. Forskolin increased both
T and E2 while fadrozole and prochloraz decreased production of both hormones. All chemicals affected hormone production in
a dose-dependent manner with the exception of fadrozole which caused maximum inhibition of E2 at the two least concentrations
tested. Some inter-laboratory differences were noted in the alteration of hormone production measured in chemically exposed
cells. However, with the exception of the production of T measured at one laboratory in cells exposed to forskolin, the EC50s calculated were comparable (coefficients of variation 34–49%) for all hormones.
Discussion and Perspectives The results indicated that the H295R Steroidogenesis Assay protocol was robust, transferable and reproducible among all laboratories.
However, in several instances that were primarily related to one laboratory there were unexplained minor uncertainties related
to the inter-laboratory hormone production variation. Based on the findings from this Phase 2 prevalidation study, the H295R
Steroidogenesis Assay protocol is currently being refined. The next phase of the OECD validation program will test the refined
protocol among the same group of laboratories using an extended set of chemicals (∼30) that will include positive and negative
chemical controls as well as a broad spectrum of different potential inducers and inhibitors of steroidogenic pathways.
Submission Editor: Dr. Carsten Brühl (bruehl@uni-landau.de) 相似文献