水温分层对香溪河库湾浮游植物功能群季节演替的影响

三峡水库水环境问题近年来引起社会广泛关注,以浮游植物功能群为基础,通过对2010年1~12月香溪河库湾水温、浮游植物等进行跟踪监测,探究支流库湾浮游植物群落结构演替趋势及其影响因子。结果表明：香溪河库湾2010年共出现18个浮游植物功能群,其中B、X1、P、Y、X2、D、LO、J、MP、G是代表性功能群;水温分层的季节性发育和消失是浮游植物群落结构演替的主要影响因素;冬季以耐受水温及光照限制的CS/S策略藻种为主;春季弱分层时,CR/R策略藻种适宜生长;夏季汛期时,呈现CR/R/C/CS多种策略藻种混生格局,强分层时,适宜稳定生境的S型策略藻种占据优势;秋季分层被打破,群落结构演替为耐受频繁波动环境的R型群落格局占优势     

运动消耗对草鱼幼鱼游泳能力的影响

以草鱼幼鱼（体长80~97 cm,体重96~134 g）为研究对象,采用实验室专利装置研究了不同运动消耗状态下的草鱼幼鱼游泳能力。结果表明：在正常状态下草鱼幼鱼的临界游泳速度[WTBX]（Ucrit）为711±060 BL/s,耗氧率（MO2）与流速（U）方程拟合为MO2=4705+419U123,耗氧率随着流速的增大而增大,且草鱼的有氧运动效率较高。在4种运动消耗状态（06Ucrit、08Ucrit、10Ucrit、12Ucrit）流速下运动1 h草鱼的消耗后临界游泳速度（Upcrit）分别为：725±135、633±06、626±08、560±04 BL/s,临界游泳速度随着前期消耗流速的增大而减小,相应的耗氧率方程拟合为：MO2=38269+465U144,MO2=44526+4223U146,MO2=46611+4790U149,MO2=60034+3883U151。运动消耗会导致草鱼的有氧运动效率降低,同时随着运动消耗速度的增加有氧运动效率随之降低。研究结果认为在设计以草鱼为主要过鱼对象的过鱼设施时,鱼道内的流速不应大于08Ucrit,以使鱼类顺利通过。针对不同过鱼对象游泳特性进行设计的鱼道能够提高鱼类通过鱼道的效率     

湖库型饮用水源蓝藻水华应急处置模拟实验

水源水体富营养化及造成的藻类水华是淡水生态系统面临的主要问题之一,严重威胁城市供水。以华南地区赤水水库为例,基于2019年5月暴发的蓝藻水华事件,开展了水库水质、蓝藻密度的监测分析及壳聚糖改性高岭土复合聚合氯化铝的应急除藻技术研究,确定了絮凝剂的最佳投加量并评估了除藻效果。结果表明: 水华暴发时取水口表层TN、TP浓度超过地表水III标准且水体主要限制性元素为磷,若集水区内磷的浓度继续增大,则水华暴发的频率继续增加;此次蓝藻水华的优势种为铜绿微囊藻,且垂向主要聚集在表层及水下5 m处,随水深的增加藻细胞密度逐渐降低,表层藻细胞密度高达6.87×10⁸ cells·L⁻¹;采用壳聚糖改性高岭土复合聚合氯化铝去除蓝藻效果较好,在改性黏土投加100 mg·L⁻¹,聚合氯化铝投加10 mg·L⁻¹时,1 h去除率约60%,且随着时间延长,去除率持续提高。改性黏土复合聚合氯化铝能在短期内使藻类沉降至水库底部,可应用于湖库型饮用水源蓝藻水华的应急处置。     

Insight into metal binding properties of biochar-derived DOM using EEM-PARAFAC and differential absorption spectra combined with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A large amount of biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (BDOM) will be released into the environment with biochars application into repairing...     

Research progress and hot spots of hydrothermal liquefaction for bio-oil production based on bibliometric analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass used HTL reaction under high temperature and pressure to produce bio-oil. This technology is considered as...     

Ground discarded tires remove naphthalene, toluene, and mercury from water

Ground discarded tires adsorb naphthalene, toluene, and mercury ions (Hg2+) from aqueous solutions. Their sorption properties and kinetics were determined by batch equilibration techniques at 20 degrees C. The isotherms were linear for naphthalene and toluene and their sorption coefficients were about 1340 and 255 (ml/g), respectively. Sorption of the organic compounds by the ground rubber particles was relatively fast (within 30 min). However, the mercury isotherms were non-linear, and its sorption was slow as compared to the sorption of the organics. The rubber particles had a strong affinity for Hg2+. These results show that ground discarded tires are effective in removing organic compounds and Hg2+ from wastewater and other contaminated environments. In addition it would be a useful, environmentally friendly use of discarded tires (one tire per year per capita is discarded in the United States).     

Sorption of naphthalene and phenanthrene by soil humic acids

Humic acids are a major fraction of soil organic matter (SOM), and sorption of hydrophobic organic chemicals by humic acids influences their behavior and fate in soil. A clear understanding of the sorption of organic chemicals by humic acids will help to determine their sorptive mechanisms in SOM and soil. In this paper, we determined the sorption of two hydrophobic organic compounds, naphthalene and phenanthrene by six pedogenetically related humic acids. These humic acids were extracted from different depths of a single soil profile and characterized by solid-state CP/MAS 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Aromaticity of the humic acids increased with soil depth. Similarly, atomic ratios of C/H and C/O also increased with depth (from organic to mineral horizons). All isotherms were nonlinear. Freundlich exponents (N) ranged from 0.87 to 0.95 for naphthalene and from 0.86 to 0.92 for phenanthrene. The N values of phenanthrene were consistently lower than naphthalene for a given humic acid. For both compounds, N values decreased with increasing aromaticity of the humic acids, such an inverse relationship was never reported before. These results support the dual-mode sorption model where partitioning occurs in both expanded (flexible) and condensed (rigid) domains while nonlinear sorption only in condensed domains of SOM. Sorption in the condensed domains may be a cause for slow desorption, and reduced availability and toxicity with aging.     

Migration and transformation of heavy metals in hyperaccumulators during the thermal treatment: a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The pollution of heavy metals (HMs) in the soil has become one of the important factors affecting the national environment and human health....     

Applicability of hybrid bionic optimization models with kernel-based extreme learning machine algorithm for predicting daily reference evapotranspiration: a case study in arid and semiarid regions,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The accurate prediction of daily reference crop evapotranspiration (ETO) enables effective management decision-making for agricultural water...     

基于响应曲面法优化的臭氧/过硫酸盐/四氧化三铁工艺对结晶紫的降解

为有效去除水中结晶紫,利用臭氧/过硫酸盐/四氧化三铁工艺对结晶紫的氧化效果进行研究,设计单因素实验探索臭氧流量、过硫酸盐浓度、四氧化三铁浓度和pH对结晶紫降解的影响,依据响应曲面法的Box-Behnken Design(BBD)实验设计原理,探究臭氧流量、过硫酸盐浓度、四氧化三铁浓度和反应时间对降解效果的影响,并优化工艺参数;使用SEM-EDS、FT-IR和Raman表征了反应前后的四氧化三铁,并用EPR技术直接鉴定出工艺过程中的活性氧。结果表明：此工艺在较宽的pH区间(3~11)都具有较高的结晶紫降解能力,臭氧流量、过硫酸盐浓度和四氧化三铁浓度与结晶紫的降解率成正比;臭氧流量1.000 L·min⁻¹,过硫酸盐浓度0.968 mmol·L⁻¹,四氧化三铁浓度2.158 mmol·L⁻¹,反应时间41.702 min为预测的最佳工艺条件;在最佳工艺条件下得到的实际降解率与预测降解率相对偏差仅为−1.12%;催化反应后Fe₃O₄粒径减小,表面变得更加光滑;反应后的Fe₃O₄的铁元素质量分数由48.24％降至35.31%,而氧和硫元素质量分数由34.05%和0.39%分别增至37.59%和1.09%;臭氧/过硫酸盐/四氧化三铁工艺过程中存在SO₄^·–和·OH。由此可知,BBD优化模型预测与实际处理效果基本一致。该研究成果为可为难降解的结晶紫废水的深度处理提供参考。