High-altitude and long-range transport of aerosols causing regional severe haze during extreme dust storms explains why afforestation does not prevent storms

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Climate change is predicted to induce more extreme events such as storms, heat waves, drought and floods. Dust storms are frequently occurring in northern China....     

异烟酸-吡唑啉酮显色液的改进

对异烟酸-吡唑啉酮光度法测定水和废水中氰化物的显色液进行改进,试验结果表明精密度RSD5%,加标率回收率为92.0%～105%,满足分析要求。     

南通市区河流底泥营养物质污染特征及环境风险分析

以南通市区的学田河、南川河、法伦寺河、城山河及西山河为研究对象,测定了河流表层底泥中的有机质、总氮、氨氮、硝氮、总磷、无机磷及活性有机磷等营养物质指标,分析了污染最重的监测点的污染原因。此外,采用有机指数法、营养物质比值法进行了环境风险评价。得出各条河流底泥均为肥污染级,尤其污染最重的是西山河;各研究河流底泥的碳氮比都很高,说明其营养物质主要来源于周围环境;学田河和西山河底泥的氮磷比较高,说明它们的富营养化程度相对较高。通过回归分析,得出学田河、南川河、法伦寺河及城山河底泥中有机质与总氮及南川河有机质与总磷之间具有良好的线性相关性。     

基于硅藻完整性指数的辽河上游水质生物学评价

年9月对辽河上游12个采样点的着生硅藻进行了生物调查,同时测定了ρ(DO)、pH、ρ(TP)、ρ(TN)、ρ(NH₃-N)、ρ(COD_Cr)和ρ(BOD₅)等水质参数. 共检测到硅藻16属,以针杆藻属(Synedrasp.)、舟形藻属(Naviculasp.)、异极藻属(Gomphonema sp.)、桥弯藻属(Cymbella sp.)为优势种. 根据硅藻香农多样性指数确定了5个相对清洁采样点和7个受污染采样点,对10个硅藻生物指数进行了辨别力分析和Pearson相关分析. 结果表明,硅藻香农多样性指数、敏感性硅藻百分比和IDP硅藻指数最适合辽河上游的水质生物学评价. 采用5、3、1生物指数记分法统一量纲后,获得变化范围在3～15的D-IBI(硅藻完整性指数). 利用四分法划分辽河流域水质级别的标准,13～15为较好,10～12为一般,7～9为较差,3～6为差,并对12个采样点进行了重新评价,评价结果与水质参数的评价结果一致. 总体看来,该D-IBI基本适宜于评价辽河上游的水质状况. 收稿日期:┣┣(中)收稿日期┫┫2011-12-08修订日期:2012-03-08┣┣(中)修回日期┫┫基金项目:┣┣(中)基金项目┫┫国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2009ZX07528-002)作者简介:┣┣(中)作者简介┫┫李国忱(1985-),男,辽宁阜新人,liguochen1001@126.com.*责任作者,┣┣(中)通信作者┫┫ 刘录三(1975-),男,山东莒县人,副研究员,博士,主要从事水生生物多样性、生态系统健康评价方面研究,liuls@craes.org.cn      

基于Hurst模型的庐山自然保护区植被覆盖优势及其可持续性分析

基于RS、GIS平台,利用1999-2007年间SPOT VEGETATION NDVI数据、同期土地覆盖类型数据、Landsat8 OLI TIRS数据等,通过与江西省整体情况对比,应用Hurst模型分析庐山自然保护区植被覆盖优势及其可持续性,为自然保护区的开发整治提供科学依据。研究结果表明:9年来庐山自然保护区保护措施基本到位,植被覆盖的累计优势明显;年内植被覆盖变化呈"四谷三峰"形态,季节性特征突出,保护力度与效果明显大于江西省整体水平;同时优势保持趋势亦十分显著,保护区森林生态系统的复杂性、稳定性、多样性有望进一步提高。     

Development and case study of a science-based software platform to support policy making on air quality

This article describes the development and implementations of a novel software platform that supports real-time, science-based policy making on air quality through a user-friendly interface. The software, RSM-VAT, uses a response surface modeling (RSM) methodology and serves as a visualization and analysis tool (VAT) for three-dimensional air quality data obtained by atmospheric models. The software features a number of powerful and intuitive data visualization functions for illustrating the complex nonlinear relationship between emission reductions and air quality benefits. The case study of contiguous U.S. demonstrates that the enhanced RSM-VAT is capable of reproducing the air quality model results with Normalized Mean Bias < 2% and assisting in air quality policy making in near real time.     

浅析环境统计工作中存在的问题及改进方法

针对环境统计存在的问题,分析产生的原因,并提出解决环境统计工作问题的方法.     

影响转炉除尘水脱除烟气中SO2效率的因素分析

在实验室进行了转炉除尘水脱除烟气中SO2的一系列单因素实验,重点考察了pH值、Fe离子浓度等因素对转炉除尘水脱硫效率的影响并将实验结果与他人的研究结果进行了比较分析。研究结果表明上述因素对转炉除尘水脱硫效率的影响有其特殊的规律。     

River Channel Geometry and Rating Curve Estimation Using Height above the Nearest Drainage

River channel geometry is an important input to hydraulic and hydrologic models. Traditional approaches to quantify river geometry have involved surveyed river cross sections, which cannot be extended to ungaged basins. In this paper, we describe a method for developing a synthetic rating curve to relate flow to water level in a stream reach based on reach‐averaged channel geometry properties developed using the Height above Nearest Drainage (HAND) method. HAND uses a digital elevation model (DEM) of the terrain and computes the elevation difference between each land surface cell and the stream bed cell to which it drains. Taking increments in water level in the stream, HAND defines the inundation zone and a water depth grid within this zone, and the channel characteristics are defined from this water depth grid. We apply our method to the Blanco River (Texas) and the Tar River (North Carolina) using 10‐m terrain data from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) dataset. We evaluate the method's performance by comparing the reach‐average stage‐river geometry relationships and rating curves to those from calibrated Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System (HEC‐RAS) models and USGS gage observations. The results demonstrate that after some adjustment, the river geometry information and rating curves derived from HAND using national‐coverage datasets are comparable to those obtained from hydraulic models or gage measurements. We evaluate the inundation extent and show our approach is able to capture the majority of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 100‐year floodplain.     

对疑似污染地块土壤环境管理的思考——基于重点行业企业用地土壤污染状况调查

《土壤污染防治行动计划》的重要任务之一是建立并不断完善我国污染土壤环境管理制度体系、提升土壤环境信息化管理水平,本文以此为切入点,结合重点行业企业用地土壤污染状况调查工作的开展过程和经验,介绍了重调成果的转化和利用方式,重调实施过程中遇到的3个典型问题和解决建议,以期为我国疑似污染地块和污染地块的土壤环境管理提供一些参考。