磁强化Fenton处理苯酚废水的试验研究

试验对比了普通Fenton试剂和磁Fenton试剂处理模拟苯酚废水的效果,并探讨了磁Fenton的作用机理.当磁场强度为592mT,pH=3,按m(COD):m(H2O2)=1:2,n(H2O2):n(Fe2+)=15:1投加一定量的FeSO4·7H2O和H2O2,反应时间60min,挥发酚和COD去除 率分别达到99...     

甲苯二异氰酸酯的污染源、风险及其检测

甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)是聚氨酯产品的主要原材料,也是一种具有较高风险的环境污染物质,广泛来源于室内外聚氨酯产品的使用,对人体呼吸道、肺、肝脏、遗传及免疫系统等均有严重的破坏性.目前其检测方法主要有盐酸奈乙二胺比色测定法、离子色谱-紫外检测法、高效液相色谱法、电喷雾萃取电离质谱分析法、毛细管气相色谱法、毛细管气相色谱-质谱法等.并对环境中TDI的研究进行了展望.     

基于GDEM-PDyna的尾矿库溃坝三维数值模拟分析研究*

为进一步探究尾矿坝溃决后特有泥石流运移规律,掌握坝体破坏前至溃坝结束全流程发展状态,依托广东省某案例尾矿库为研究对象,采用基于有限元与离散元耦合方法的GDEM-PDyna软件构建泥石流类流体下泄演化数值模型,开展尾矿坝溃决演化分析,动态模拟尾矿库溃决过程中泥砂运动规律及淹没范围,并与MIKE 21软件计算结果进行对比。研究结果表明:尾矿坝溃决后,泥石流类流体流速升高、持续时间较短且尾砂流量发展迅速,2种模拟方法对比结果表明溃坝后坝基位置下泄流量变化与下游敏感点溃坝淹没深度变化情况一致。研究结果可为实现尾矿库下游重点区域灾害评估提供量化支撑,可有效提高尾矿坝溃决后灾害影响评估的精准性。     

基于有序Probit模型的铁路险兆事件影响因素识别研究*

为识别铁路险兆事件的影响因素,以宜春车务段2017年9月—2017年10月共1 870条数据为样本,以铁路险兆事件等级为因变量,事件原因、环境特征和事件特征为自变量建立有序Probit模型,探究人、设备、环境和管理因素对铁路险兆事件严重影响程度。研究结果表明:设备设施未按规定防护是影响严重性险兆事件发生的主要因素;与其他人为因素相比,未执行相关作业规定对增加险兆事件严重程度有显著作用。研究结果可为铁路管理部门实现事故预控提供依据。     

氟啶虫胺腈在不同有机溶剂中的光化学降解

利用液质联用和气相色谱（HPLC-Mass和GC）,研究了氟啶虫胺腈在两种不同光源下于4种不同溶剂（正己烷、甲醇、乙腈、丙酮）中的光化学降解.结果表明,以氙灯为光源,1.0、5.0、20.0mg·L-1的氟啶虫胺腈在4种溶剂中的降解半衰期分别为11.62、8.33、10.80h（正己烷）,5.30、5.81、7.05h（甲醇）,1.72、1.99、2.79h（乙腈）,83.49、37.46、64.77h（丙酮）.以紫外灯为光源,1.0、5.0、20.0mg·L-1的氟啶虫胺腈在4种溶剂中的降解半衰期分别为5.29、4.25、5.49min（正己烷）,2.19、2.97、5.88min（甲醇）,0.86、1.99、1.13min（乙腈）,330、365、198min（丙酮）.氟啶虫胺腈的降解反应主要为还原、水解反应,影响其降解速率的主要因素是光源和溶剂的种类,氟啶虫胺腈的浓度对其降解速度也有一定影响.     

Formation and cytotoxicity of a new disinfection by-product (DBP) phenazine by chloramination of water containing diphenylamine

Disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water have caused worldwide concern due to their potential carcinogenic effects. The formation of phenazine from diphenylamine (DPhA) chloramination was studied and its cytotoxicities for two human cancer cells were also investigated. Phenazine was detected synchronously with the consumption of DPhA by chloramination, which further confirmed that the new DBP phenazine can be produced along with N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPhA) from DPhA chloramination. The formation of phenazine had a maximum molar yield with solution pH increasing from 5.0 to 9.0, with phenazine as the main product for DPhA chloramination at lower pH, but higher pH favored the formation of NDPhA. Thus, solution pH is the key factor in controlling the formation of phenazine and NDPhA. Both the initial DPhA and chloramine concentrations did not show a significant effect on the molar yields of phenazine, although increasing the chloramine concentration could speed up the reaction rate of DPhA with chloramines. The cytotoxicity assays showed that phenazine had significant cell-specific toxicity towards T24 (bladder cancer cell lines) and HepG2 (hepatic tumor cell lines) cells with IC50 values of 0.50 and 2.04 mmol/L, respectively, and T24 cells being more sensitive to phenazine than HepG2 cells. The IC50 values of phenazine, DPhA, and NDPhA for T24 cells were of the same order of magnitude and the cytotoxicity of phenazine for T24 cells was slightly lower than that of NDPhA (IC50, 0.16 mmol/L), suggesting that phenazine in drinking water may have an adverse effect on human health.     

Effect of artificial aeration on the performance of vertical-flow constructed wetland treating heavily polluted river water

Three lab-scale vertical-flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs), including the non-aerated (NA), intermittently aerated (IA) and continuously aerated (CA) ones, were operated at different hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) to evaluate the effect of artificial aeration on the treatment efficiency of heavily polluted river water. Results indicated that artificial aeration increased the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in IA and CA, which significantly favored the removal of organic matter and NH₄⁺-N. The DO grads caused by intermittent aeration formed aerobic and anoxic regions in IA and thus promoted the removal of total nitrogen (TN). Although the removal efficiencies of COD_Cr, NH₄⁺-N and TN in the three VFCWs all decreased with an increase in HLR, artificial aeration enhanced the reactor resistance to the fluctuation of pollutant loadings. The maximal removal efficiencies of COD_Cr, NH₄⁺-N and total phosphorus (TP) (i.e., 81%, 87% and 37%, respectively) were observed in CA at 19 cm/day HLR, while the maximal TN removal (i.e., 57%) was achieved in IA. Although the improvement of artificial aeration on TP removal was limited, this study has demonstrated the feasibility of applying artificial aeration to VFCWs treating polluted river water, particularly at a high HLR.     

基于人体健康风险的水污染事件遗传性致癌物安全浓度研究

确定水污染事件中遗传性致癌物短期暴露安全浓度,是目前我国水环境管理中急需解决的问题.在假设遗传性致癌物暴露剂量与致癌风险呈线性相关的前提下,提出了水体中遗传性致癌物安全浓度计算流程,建立了采用遗传性致癌物终生暴露安全浓度计算短期暴露安全浓度的方法.在我国2000～2010年间发生的60起水污染事故中,特征污染物为砷的水污染事件为6起,占总污染事件比例为10%,这一结果表明砷为我国水污染事件中高发的特征污染物.根据水污染事件遗传性致癌物短期暴露安全浓度计算方法,得出砷短期暴露安全浓度为0.5 mg.L-1,表明该方法在水污染事件应急管理中具有一定的可行性.     

化学工业园区污水处理模式探讨

在对国内外化工区污水处理模式调查分析的基础上,对化工区污水处理模式进行了研究探讨。并以天津某规划化工区为例,对污水处理模式进行了比选研究,为化工区环境管理提供参考。     

北京市PM_(2.5)的研究进展

PM2.5是指大气中动力学直径≤2.5μm的颗粒物,也称为可入肺颗粒物。北京的大气污染是我国在快速发展过程中出现的典型的城市大气环境问题的代表,具有明显的烟煤型污染与光化学污染相结合的复合型污染特征,北京市PM2.5的污染已经相当严重。为了进一步研究北京市PM2.5的特性,对北京市PM2.5的污染特征、化学组成、源解析方面进行探讨,并提出了相应的防治对策。