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21.
Di Trapani Daniele Cosenza Alida De Marines Federica Viviani Gaspare 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(2):1142-1152
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Composting is the mostly applied method for recovering the organic waste by producing an organic soil conditioner. Furthermore, the organic... 相似文献
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Lucía Emilia Iglesias Carlos Saumell Federica Sagüés Juan Manuel Sallovitz Adrián Luis Lifschitz 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2018,53(1):42-48
The aim of this work was to evaluate the fate of ivermectin (IVM) at two concentrations in cattle feces and its movement to the nearby soil and plants. Feces were spiked with IVM at two levels: 3000 ng g?1 (high group, HG) and 300 ng g?1 (low group, LG). Artificial dung pats were prepared and deposited in an experimental field area. Feces and underlying soil were sampled up to 60 days post-deposition (dpd). As an additional analysis, grasses growing around the pats were sampled at 30 and 60 dpd. Ivermectin concentrations in all matrices were determined by HPLC. Mean IVM fecal concentrations were in the range between 3901.9 ng g?1 and 2419.2 ng g?1 (high group) and 375.3 ng g?1 and 177.49 ng g?1 (low group). Mean times for 50% and 90% dissipation were 88.23 and 293.03 days (HG) and 39.1 and 129.9 days (LG). Soil concentrations ranged from 26.1 ng g?1 to 71.1 ng g?1 (HG) and 3.4 to 5.9 ng g?1 (LG); in plants, concentrations were between 71.4 and 380.8 ng g?1 and 5.40 and 51.8 ng g?1 in HG and LG, respectively. These results confirm that IVM moves from feces to the underlying soil as well as to nearby plants. The potential risk of detrimental effects on soil organisms and the impact on herbivorous animals should be further evaluated. 相似文献
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Corona P Agrimi M Baffetta F Barbati A Chiriacò MV Fattorini L Pompei E Valentini R Mattioli W 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(3):1409-1422
Urban areas are continuously expanding today, extending their influence on an increasingly large proportion of woods and trees
located in or nearby urban and urbanizing areas, the so-called urban forests. Although these forests have the potential for
significantly improving the quality the urban environment and the well-being of the urban population, data to quantify the
extent and characteristics of urban forests are still lacking or fragmentary on a large scale. In this regard, an expansion
of the domain of multipurpose forest inventories like National Forest Inventories (NFIs) towards urban forests would be required.
To this end, it would be convenient to exploit the same sampling scheme applied in NFIs to assess the basic features of urban
forests. This paper considers approximately unbiased estimators of abundance and coverage of urban forests, together with
estimators of the corresponding variances, which can be achieved from the first phase of most large-scale forest inventories.
A simulation study is carried out in order to check the performance of the considered estimators under various situations
involving the spatial distribution of the urban forests over the study area. An application is worked out on the data from
the Italian NFI. 相似文献
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Chiesa M Rigoni F Paderno M Borghetti P Gagliotti G Bertoni M Ballarin Denti A Schiavina L Goldoni A Sangaletti L 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(6):1565-1575
The present study is focused on the implementation of a novel, low cost, urban grid of nanostructured chemresistor gas sensors for ammonia concentration ([NH(3)]) monitoring, with NH(3) being one of the main precursors of secondary fine particulate. Low-cost chemresistor gas sensors based on carbon nanotubes have been developed, their response to [NH(3)] in the 0.17-5.0 ppm range has been tested, and the devices have been properly calibrated under different relative humidity conditions in the 33-63% range. In order to improve the chemresistor selectivity towards [NH(3)], an Expert System, based on fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms, has been developed to extract the atmospheric [NH(3)] (with a sensitivity of a few ppb) from the output signal of a model chemresistor gas sensor exposed to an NO(2), NO(X) and O(3) gas mixture. The concentration of these pollutants that are known to be the most significant interfering compounds during ammonia detection with carbon nanotube gas sensors has been tracked by the ARPA monitoring network in the city of Milan and the historical dataset collected over one year has been used to train the Expert System. 相似文献
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Sunlight-induced degradation of soil-adsorbed veterinary antimicrobials Marbofloxacin and Enrofloxacin 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sturini M Speltini A Maraschi F Profumo A Pretali L Fasani E Albini A 《Chemosphere》2012,86(2):130-137
Marbofloxacin (MAR) and Enrofloxacin (ENR), two largely employed veterinary Fluoroquinolones (FQs), were found to be present at the micrograms per kilogram level in agricultural soils of South Lombardy (Italy) several months after manuring. Distribution coefficients (Kd) from sorption experiments indicated a strong binding to the soil. Soil samples fortified with environmentally significant FQs amounts (0.5 mg kg−1) were exposed to solar light that promoted extensive degradation (80%) of both drugs in 60-150 h. Thus, photochemistry could be considered a significant depollution path in the soil, although it was two orders of magnitudes slower than in aqueous solution and a fraction of the drug (ca. 20%) remained unaffected. For MAR the photoprocess was the same as in solution, and involved cleavage of the tetrahydrooxadiazine ring. On the contrary, with ENR only some of the photoproducts determined in water (those arising from a stepwise oxidation of the piperazine side chain) were observed. Substitution of the 6-fluoro by a hydroxyl group and reduction did not occur in the soil, supporting the previous contention that such processes required polar solvation of FQs. Consistently with this rationalization, the irradiation of thin layers of solid drugs led to essentially the same products distribution as in the soil. From the environmental point of view it is important to notice that photodegradation mainly affects the side-chains, while the fluoroquinolone ring, to which the biological effect is associated, is conserved up to the later stages of the degradation. 相似文献
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Irene Iniesta-Arandia Federica Ravera Stephanie Buechler Isabel Díaz-Reviriego María E. Fernández-Giménez Maureen G. Reed Mary Thompson-Hall Hailey Wilmer Lemlem Aregu Philippa Cohen Houria Djoudi Sarah Lawless Berta Martín-López Thomas Smucker Grace B. Villamor Elizabeth Edna Wangui 《Ambio》2016,45(3):383-393
This synthesis article joins the authors of the special issue “Gender perspectives in resilience, vulnerability and adaptation to global environmental change” in a common reflective dialogue about the main contributions of their papers. In sum, here we reflect on links between gender and feminist approaches to research in adaptation and resilience in global environmental change (GEC). The main theoretical contributions of this special issue are threefold: emphasizing the relevance of power relations in feminist political ecology, bringing the livelihood and intersectionality approaches into GEC, and linking resilience theories and critical feminist research. Empirical insights on key debates in GEC studies are also highlighted from the nine cases analysed, from Europe, the Americas, Asia, Africa and the Pacific. Further, the special issue also contributes to broaden the gender approach in adaptation to GEC by incorporating research sites in the Global North alongside sites from the Global South. This paper examines and compares the main approaches adopted (e.g. qualitative or mixed methods) and the methodological challenges that derive from intersectional perspectives. Finally, key messages for policy agendas and further research are drawn from the common reflection. 相似文献
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Stefano Poni Fabio Bernizzoni Silvia Civardi Matteo Gatti Duilio Porro Federica Camin 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2009,129(1-3):97-106
‘Lambrusco a foglia frastagliata’ grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) were grown outdoors at Piacenza (44°55′N, 9°44′E, Po Valley, Italy) with the root system split between two 30-L pots and subjected from pre-veraison (17 July) to harvest (5 September) to soil drying of half of the root system (HS) induced by withholding water from one of the two pots as compared to well-watered (WW) vines (both pots daily recharged at field capacity). Volumetric soil-water content, pre-dawn and mid-morning leaf water potential, single-leaf gas-exchange as assimilation rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration were monitored throughout the trial. Whole-canopy gas-exchange as net CO2 exchange rate (NCER) and transpiration were tracked from 31 August to 7 September on three vines per treatment on a 24-h basis using an enclosure method. Primary leaf carbon isotope (δ13C) composition, yield components and must composition were determined at harvest.Withdrawing water from one pot triggered a water stress response showing higher stomatal sensitivity to changes in air vapour pressure deficit, relatively low assimilation rates, high intrinsic and extrinsic water-use efficiency (WUE) and earlier cessation of shoot growth. Yet, mid-morning leaf water potential was consistently lower in HS treatment over stress as compared to WW, indicating an anisohydric adjustment. Canopy NCER given on a leaf-area basis showed mean daily rates ranging from 3.9 to 4.9 μmol m2 s?1 in WW canopies against 2.6–3.0 μmol m?2 s?1 in HS. Conversely, canopy transpiration rates varied from 0.915 to 1.157 mmol m?2 s?1 for WW to 0.630–0.714 mmol m2 s?1 in HS. Increased leaf-based intrinsic and extrinsic WUE in HS did not match the canopy response, which to some extent resulted in an opposite outcome, i.e. higher canopy WUE in well-watered vines especially in the morning hours. Likewise, δ13C did not differ between treatments. This suggests caution when point-time determinations of single-leaf-based WUE are extrapolated to the whole-canopy behaviour when assessing the water saving strategies of a given genotype. The stressed vines achieved no variation in yield level and components and had improved grape composition as to soluble solids and total anthocyanins. This optimal behaviour is likely due to earlier shoot growth cessation, enhanced maturity and a buffering leaf-to-fruit ratio (3.61 m2 kg?1) that mitigated the effects of post-veraison stress. 相似文献