Use of IPCC GHG key sources analysis to Mexico’s environmental policy

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 1 key sources level 1 assessment was applied to the 1994–1994 National Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emission inventory for Mexico in order to identify and analyze the key sources within it. Top key sources were from land use change and energy combustion contributing to about 60% of total national emissions. In addition, a Tier 1 trend assessment revealed some changes with respect to Tier 1 level assessment: Top key sources according to this analysis are waste disposal and delayed emissions from land clearing. Important insight for cost effective preventive mitigation actions can be extracted from this analysis. A comparison with other countries was carried out to find similarities in the GHG national emissions inventories related to common features on economic development.     

GHS在危险化学品管理中的应用研究

阐述了GHS产生的背景及其在减少化学品事故,提高化学品安全管理水平,消除贸易壁垒,降低监管、企业成本等方面发挥的重要作用。介绍了GHS国内应用情况,对国内推行GHS提出了几点建议。     

Insights into the role of age and social interactions on the sexual attractiveness of queens in an eusocial bee, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Melipona flavolineata</Emphasis> (Apidae,Meliponini)

The attraction of sexual partners is a vital necessity among insects, and it involves conflict of interests and complex communication systems among male and female. In this study, we investigated the developing of sexual attractiveness in virgin queens (i.e., gynes) of Melipona flavolineata, an eusocial stingless bee. We followed the development of sexual attractiveness in 64 gynes, belonging to seven age classes (0, 3, 6, 9, 15, 18 days post-emergence), and we also evaluated the effect of different social interactions (such as competition between queens and interactions with workers) on the development of attractiveness in other 60 gynes. We used the number of males that tried to mate with a focal gyne as a representative variable of its sexual attractiveness. During the essays, each gyne was individually presented to 10 sexually mature males, and during 3 min, we counted the number of males that everted their genitalia in response to the presence of a gyne. Here, we show that M. flavolineata gynes are capable to (i) maintain their sexual attractiveness for long periods through adult life, (ii) they need a minimum social interaction to trigger the development of sexual attractiveness, and (iii) that gynes express this trait only within a social context. We conclude that the effective occurrence of matings is conditional on potential social interactions that gynes experienced before taking the nuptial flight, when they are still in the nest. These findings bring insights into the factors determining reproductive success in social insects.     

石油污染地的土壤修复技术

对石油污染土壤的各类修复技术进行了总结和归纳,并对各项技术的优缺点加以比较,提出了一套石油污染地生态恢复的流程。     

基于GIS的油品储罐区风险评价及应急资源优化调运系统

为对油品储罐区事故进行迅速的风险评价和应急救援,在详细分析油品储罐区危险特性的基础上,建立了区域风险评价模型、应急资源优化调运模型和实时在线应急培训模型,将其作为功能模块与GIS技术加以整合,构建了基于GIS的油品储罐区风险评价及应急资源优化调运系统.当油品储罐区发生突发事件后,针对不同的事故类型和事故级别,该系统可对其区域风险进行评估,划分不同伤害等级范围,并在最短的时间内,通过带有"单程最大运输能力"约束的两目标连续消耗应急资源优化调运模型计算,给出合理有效的应急资源优化调运方案.无事故发生时,也可进行相应的事故模拟演练及实时在线应急培训.在西部管道油品储罐区的实例应用表明,该系统可为油品储罐区制定应急救援活动方案,提高危害防护水平提供技术支撑.     

Learning from Tabasco’s floods by applying MORT

Natural disasters are increasing alarmingly worldwide in recent years. They have killed millions of people, and adversely affected the life of at least one billion people. Given this, natural disasters present a great challenge to society today concerning how they are to be mitigated so as to produce an acceptable risk is a question which has come to the fore in dramatic ways recently. In 2007, the state of Tabasco, Mexico, was flooded and it is believed that al least one million people were left homeless. The paper addresses the following question: what can be learnt from flood disasters? The paper presents some preliminary results of the analysis of the Tabasco’s flooding by applying the Management Oversight Risk Tree (MORT). The MORT technique may be regarded as a structured checklist in the form of a complex ‘fault-tree’ model that is intended to ensure that all aspects of an organization’s management are looked into when assessing the possible causes of an incident. One of the key conclusions of the present analysis is that the approach to decision making in relation ‘flood management’ at the time of the disaster has not been based explicitly on ‘flood risk assessment’. It is hoped that by conducting such analysis lessons can be learnt so that the impact of natural disasters such as the Tabasco’s flooding can be mitigated in the future.     

室内外空气污染暴露评价

介绍了国外对室内外空气污染暴露评价的各种方法，并运用微环境结合问卷调查的方法，选择了5种主要的空气污染物；甲醛、二氧化硫、氮氧化物，氮和氡作为检测评价的对象，初步评价了北京市各年龄层次人群的污染物暴露水平。结果表明，大部分暴露量源于室内环境，尤其是工作（或学习）场所及住宅；各年龄层次人群的甲醛日平均暴露量均超过相关环境标准，而其它污染物均不超标；室内空气污染特别是因装修引起的室内空气污染应得到重视。     

Activity maintenance of the excised branches and a case study of NO2 exchange between the atmosphere and P. nigra branches

The efficient maintenance of the activity of excised branches is the powerful guarantee to accurately determine gas exchange flux between the detached branches of tall trees and the atmosphere. In this study, the net photosynthetic rate(NPR) of the excised branches and branches in situ were measured simultaneously by using two photosynthetic instruments to characterize the activity of the excised branches of Phyllostachys nigra. The ratio of normalized NPR of excised branches to NPR in situ was used to assess the photosynthetic activity of detached branches. Based on photosynthetic activity, an optimal hydroponics protocol for maintaining activity of excised P. nigra branches was presented:1/8 times the concentration of Gamborg B5 vitamin mixture with p H = 6. Under the best cultivation protocol, photosynthetic activity of excised P. nigra branches could be maintained more than 90% within 6 hr in the light intensity range of 200–2000 μmol/(m2·sec) and temperature range of 13.4–28.7°C. The nitrogen dioxide(NO2) flux differences between in situ and in vitro branches and the atmosphere were compared using double dynamic chambers.Based on the maintenance method of excised branches, the NO2 exchange flux between the excised P. nigra branches and the atmosphere(from-1.01 to-2.72 nmol/(m2·sec) was basically consistent with between the branches in situ and the atmosphere(from-1.12 to-3.16 nmol/(m2 sec)) within 6 hr. Therefore, this study provided a feasible protocol for in vitro measurement of gas exchange between tall trees and the atmosphere for a period of time.     

一株高效嗜碱反硝化菌的分离鉴定及其脱氮特性研究

为了应对日趋严苛的废水TN排放标准要求,试验采用溴百里酚蓝(BTB)培养基,从某煤化工废水处理厂反硝化缺氧池活性污泥中,经多次分离、纯化获得了一株高效兼性厌氧反硝化菌株HK13.通过形态观察及16S rRNA基因序列分析,菌株HK13被鉴定为施氏假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas stutzeri).在此基础上,利用含硝酸盐模拟废水,探讨了碳源类型、C/N(碳氮比)、初始pH、溶解氧(以不同摇床转速表征不同浓度的溶解氧)和培养温度对菌株HK13反硝化脱氮能力的影响,确定了该菌株的最优生长条件和最大脱氮效率.结果表明:(1)菌株HK13最适反硝化脱氮条件为以柠檬酸钠碳源,C/N 8,培养温度35℃,初始pH 8～10,摇床转速100 r/min.(2)初始ρ(NO₃^--N)为106.67 mg/L下,反应12 h后菌株HK13对TN的去除率可达92.62%;反应9～12 h时,该菌株的脱氮速率最高,可达20.03 mg/(L·h),其16 h的脱氮率在98%以上,且无亚硝酸盐积累.(3)菌株HK13适宜生长的温度和pH范围广泛,分别为20～40...