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141.
Catalina Munteanu Cornelius Senf Mihai D. Nita Francesco Maria Sabatini Julian Oeser Rupert Seidl Tobias Kuemmerle 《Conservation biology》2022,36(2):e13820
High-conservation-value forests (HCVFs) are critically important for biodiversity and ecosystem service provisioning, but they face many threats. Where systematic HCVF inventories are missing, such as in parts of Eastern Europe, these forests remain largely unacknowledged and therefore often unprotected. We devised a novel, transferable approach for detecting HCVFs based on integrating historical spy satellite images, contemporary remote sensing data (Landsat), and information on current potential anthropogenic pressures (e.g., road infrastructure, population density, demand for fire wood, terrain). We applied the method to the Romanian Carpathians, for which we mapped forest continuity (1955–2019), canopy structural complexity, and anthropogenic pressures. We identified 738,000 ha of HCVF. More than half of this area was identified as susceptible to current anthropogenic pressures and lacked formal protection. By providing a framework for broad-scale HCVF monitoring, our approach facilitates integration of HCVF into forest conservation and management. This is urgently needed to achieve the goals of the European Union's Biodiversity Strategy to maintain valuable forest ecosystems. 相似文献
142.
Silvia Coderoni Francesco Pagliacci 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2018,61(8):1318-1339
Single territories contribute in different ways to the transition towards a more environmentally sustainable development (SD), according to their structural features. This study returns a multi-dimensional picture of the territorial divides of environmental sustainability across Italy, analysing how it correlates with rurality, with a focus on the urban–rural continuum. Italy represents an interesting case study because of its peculiar territorial urban–rural structure. We first assess the environmental sustainability targets across Italian NUTS 3 regions and their capital cities using two composite sustainability indexes, by referring to both standard values (i.e. conforming to legislation) and optimum values (i.e. desired values). Then, we investigate the relationship between environmental sustainability and rurality. Results suggest that a positive link between the two exists, being stronger at city level. Among major policy implications, the environmental dimensions of territorial cohesion should be integrated more strongly in key European policies to reach a more balanced SD. 相似文献
143.
A Chinese praying mantis, Tenodera sinensis, was observed feeding on a living red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. Specimens of that newt’s population are known to contain high concentrations of tetrodotoxin (TTX), a specific blocker of voltage-gated sodium channels. After experimental oral administration of a TTX-solution (1 mg/ml) to adult specimens of four mantis species, all survived high TTX concentrations (up to 30.8 μg/g body mass) as revealed by analysis of their body extracts, but they are rapidly killed by intra-abdominal injection of 1 μg TTX. The toxin was found to be gradually excreted with faeces. As demonstrated by monoclonal antibody-based immunohistochemical technique, TTX does not penetrate the mid-gut membrane, since it was localized only in the gut lumen, but not in the epithelial cells. This prevents the toxin to reach its target, the sodium channels of the insect’s nervous system, and enables the mantids to feed on toxic prey without risking poisoning. 相似文献
144.
Donata Lerda Sergio Carasi Giorgio Ceroni Gabriella Lissom Cristina Martines Francesco Rizzello 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(1-4):259-271
In 1991 a co‐operation between Public Health Office (U.S.S.L.) n° 18 of Brescia and the Chemical Section Laboratories of U.S.S.L. n° 38 of Milan concerning the possible environmental impact of foundry industrial activities performing metallic scraps recovering, has been undertaken. Soil and surfaces have been classified in conformity with the National Toxicological Consultative Commission (C.C.T.N.) recommendation dated 12/02/1988'; owing to the characteristics of the processed material, besides heavy metals, polychlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) have been looked for. The particulate matter collected from the filters positioned over the arc furnaces in 14 foundry plants has been characterized and classified, according both to C.C.T.N.1 and to the Interministerial Board regulation dated 27/07/1985 for the first application of the Republic President Decree Law (D.P.R.) n° 915/1982, concerning wastes classification, based, in this case, on these toxic chlorinated compounds concentrations. From the very beginning, high levels of PCDDs and PCDFs have been detected, corroborating the very few literature data from foundry plants2. The results obtained on 14 different foundries allow us to draw already some information, acceptable from the point of view of the statistical validity, about the pollution produced by this industry. 相似文献
145.
Coastal ecosystems can be thought of as being established by a number of physico-geochemical drivers, e.g. geochemistry and bathymetry of the basins, climate, tidal and freshwater flows, natural and anthropogenic inputs of nutrients and toxins, all of which exert an influence on the resulting communities of organisms. Depending on the interactions among the major drivers, ecosystems may occur on both large and small scales and be basin-wide or within basins. For individual and separate ecosystems to exist with some permanence in time, e.g. reach a steady-state, they also have to be ‘defended’. Defences are mechanisms that counter changes to maintain the status quo. We argue, and present evidence to support the notion, that the defence mechanisms are inextricably tied to primary production and the biogeochemical cycling of organic matter and provide buffers that mitigate potentially adverse impacts by trace toxins. Colloid pumping, production of complexing ligands and sulfide formation are some of the mechanisms that control trace substances. Current methods for assessing ecosystems do not address the issue of steady-state, nor do they take account of defence activities, e.g. buffering. Therefore, they cannot assess the ‘robustness’ of ecosystems or their ability to resist change, for good or bad. Also, defence mechanisms may, for a time, mask future potentially serious impacts, suggesting that monitoring efforts with limited budgets should consider the measurement of the inputs into ecosystems as well as the immediate or short-term result of the inputs. 相似文献
146.
147.
Among procellariiform seabirds, many burrowing petrels show good olfactory abilities especially in recognising their nest.
In particular, it has been reported that Antarctic prions (Pachyptila desolata) discriminate their own and their mate’s odours and, in Y-maze experiments, prefer the odour of a conspecific bird to their
own. While traditionally examined from the perspective of homing mechanisms, these recent results have drawn attention to
the possible use of chemical signals in birds’ social behaviours. Indeed, the life history of petrels suggests that a mate
choice mediated by olfactory mechanisms may have evolved in this group to ensure genetic compatibility. This study was undertaken
to validate and extend results obtained on petrels’ olfactory discrimination capabilities. Following the Y-maze experiment
protocol, blue petrels (Halobaena caerulea) were offered three different choices: (1) mate versus conspecific’s odour, (2) own versus mate’s odour and (3) own versus
conspecific’s odour. We discovered that birds prefer the odour of their mate not only when presented against conspecific’s
odour but also against their own. We further verified that blue petrels also avoid their own odour when presented against
conspecific’s odour. Our results confirm that olfactory discrimination in burrowing petrels goes beyond self-recognition and
that self-odour avoidance may be widespread. We use two mutually non-exclusive behavioural frameworks for the interpretation
of our results, homing and mate choice, and explain why homing mechanisms cannot account for all of our observations. This
study opens the door to further research on olfactory mechanisms that, in petrels, might mediate individual recognition and
mate choice. 相似文献
148.
149.
Lionel Nesta Francesco Vona Francesco Nicolli 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》2014
We investigate the effect of environmental policies on innovation under different levels of competition. Using information regarding renewable energy policies, competition and green patents for OECD countries since the late 1970s, we develop a pre-sample mean count-data econometric specification that accounts for the endogeneity of policies. We find that renewable energy policies are more effective in fostering green innovation in countries with liberalized energy markets. We also find that environmental policies are crucial only in the generation of high-quality green patents, whereas competition enhances the generation of low-quality green patents. 相似文献
150.
Francesco Camastra Angelo Ciaramella Antonino Staiano 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2014,21(3):477-485
Some mathematical models for the estimation of the effects of Cry1Ab and Cry1F Bt-maize exposure in the biodiversity are examined. Novel results about these models are obtained and described in this note. The exact formula for the proportion of population that suffers mortality exposed either to Cry1Ab or Cry1AF pollen is derived. Moreover, regarding Cry1F pollen effects, the species sensitivity of Lepidoptera is discussed. 相似文献