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281.
Inorganic polyphosphates (PolyP) are simple linear phosphate (PO(4)(3-)) polymers which are produced by a variety of microorganisms. One of their functions is to complex metals resulting in their precipitation. We investigated the interaction of phosphate and low-molecular-weight PolyP (1400-1900Da) with uranyl ion at various pHs. Potentiometric titration of uranyl ion in the presence of phosphate showed two sharp inflection points at pHs 4 and 8 due to uranium hydrolysis reaction and interaction with phosphate. Titration of uranyl ion and PolyP revealed a broad inflection point starting at pH 4 indicating that complexation of U-PolyP occurs over a wide range of pHs with no uranium hydrolysis. EXAFS analysis of the U-HPO(4) complex revealed that an insoluble uranyl phosphate species was formed below pH 6; at higher pH (> or = 8) uranium formed a precipitate consisting of hydroxophosphato species. In contrast, adding uranyl ion to PolyP resulted in formation of U-PolyP complex over the entire pH range studied. At low pH (< or = 6) an insoluble U-PolyP complex having a monodentate coordination of phosphate with uranium was observed. Above pH 6 however, a soluble bidentate complex with phosphate and uranium was predominant. These results show that the complexation and solubility of uranium with PO(4) and PolyP are dependent upon pH. 相似文献
282.
The extent and causes of changes in the fresh-water wetlands of South Kingstown, Rhode Island were determined through field work and through the analysis of panchromatic aerial photographs taken in 1939 and 1972. During this period, there was a net loss of 0.9 percent of the total area (2345.2 ha) of wetland present in 1939. Highway construction and residential development accounted for most of this loss. Approximately 17 percent of the wetland present in 1939 had changed sufficiently by 1972 to warrant reclassification. Plant succession alone accounted for 57 percent of the changes in wetland types, while man's activities were influential in 41 percent of the cases. Ninety-two percent of the natural changes in wetland types was progressive, while 58 percent of the changes induced by man and undetermined causes was retrogressive. Man's major role was to alter the water regimes and vegetation of wetlands. There was a decrease in wetland diversity as the most abundant type, wooded swamp, grew in area while the abundance of shallow marshes, meadows, and shrub swamps declined. A knowledge of wetland dynamics is essential in the management of wetlands for a diversity of wildlife and other natural values. 相似文献
283.
Sarot Emeline Carillo-Baraglioli Marie-Françoise Duranthon Francis Péquignot Amandine Pyronnet Stéphane 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(20):16985-16993
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - One essential step of museum and clinical specimen preservation is immersion in a fixative fluid to prevent degradation. Formalin is the most largely... 相似文献
284.
Marc Clausse Jérôme Merel Francis Meunier 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2011,5(5):1206-1213
Post-combustion CO2 capture remains one of the most-challenging issue to lower CO2 emissions of existing power plants or heavy industry installations because of strong economy and energy efficiency aspects. The major issue comes from CO2 dilution (4% for NGCC and 14% for PC) and the high flow rates to be treated. Furthermore, CO2 purity has to be higher than 95% with recovery at 90%, to match the transportation/injection requirements.The MEA absorption process remains the reference today but its energy consumption (about 3 MJ/kgCO2) and the amine consumption are still challenging drawbacks.The interest of CO2 capture by indirect TSA (Temperature Swing Adsorption) was demonstrated experimentally in a previous work. The aim of this paper is to present the results of a numerical parametric study. Two main parameters are explored: the desorption temperature (100–200 °C) and the purge flow rate (0.1–0.5 Ndm3 min−1). Four performance indicators are evaluated: CO2 purity, recovery, productivity and specific energy consumption.Results show that purity above 95% can be achieved. Keeping the 95% target, it is possible to achieve recovery at 81% with productivity at 57.7 gCO2/kgads h and a specific energy consumption of 3.23 MJ/kgCO2, which is less than for the reference MEA process.Comparison with other adsorption processes exhibits that this process has good potential especially since some improvements are still expected from further research. 相似文献
285.
Francis Turkelboom Rolinde Demeyer Liesbet Vranken Piet De Becker Filip Raymaekers Lieven De Smet 《Ambio》2021,50(8):1431
The strategy of reconnecting rivers with their floodplains currently gains popularity because it not only harnesses natural capacities of floodplains but also increases social co-benefits and biodiversity. In this paper, we present an example of a successfully implemented nature-based solution (NBS) in the Dijle valley in the centre of Belgium. The research objective is to retrospectively assess cost and benefit differences between a technical solution (storm basins) and an alternative NBS, here the restoration of the alluvial floodplain. The method is a comparative social cost–benefit analysis. The case study analysis reveals similar flood security, lower costs, more ecosystem services benefits and higher biodiversity values associated with the NBS option in comparison to the technical alternative. However, the business case for working with NBS depends substantially on the spatial and socio-ecological context. Chances for successful NBS implementation increase in conditions of sufficient space to retain flood water, when flood water is of sufficient quality, and when economic activity and housing in the floodplain is limited.Supplementary InformationThe online version of this article contains supplementary material available at (10.1007/s13280-021-01548-4). 相似文献
286.
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288.
Sébastien Denys Claire Rollin Francis Guillot Hafid Baroudi 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2006,6(3-4):299-315
Phytoremediation of pollutants in soils is an emerging technology, using different soil-plant interaction properties. For
organic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phytodegradation seems to be the most promising approach.
It occurs mostly through an increase of the microbial activity in the plant rhizosphere, allowing the degradation of organic
substances, a source of carbon for soil microbes. Despite a large amount of available data in the literature concerning laboratory
and short term PAH phytodegradation experiments, no actual field application of such technique was previously carried out.
In the present study, a soil from a former coking plant was used to evaluate the feasibility and the efficiency of PAH phytodegradation
in the field during a three years trial and following a bioremediation treatment. Before the phytoremediation treatment, the
soil was homogenized and split into six independent plots with no hydrological connections. On four of these plots, different
types of common plant species were sowed: mixture of herbaceous species, short cut (P1), long cut (P2), ornamental plants
(P3) and trees (P4). Natural vegetation was allowed to grow on the fifth plot (P5), and the last plot was weeded (P6). Each
year, representative sampling of two soil horizons (0–50 and 50–100 cm) was carried out in each plot to characterize the evolution
of PAHs concentration in soils and in soils solution obtained by lixiviation. Possible impact of the phytoremediation technique
on ecosystems was evaluated using different eco- and genotoxicity tests both on the soil solid matrix and on the soil solution.
For each soil horizon, comparable decrease of soil total PAHs concentrations were obtained for three plots, reaching a maximum
value of 26% of the initial PAHs concentration. The decrease mostly concerned the 3 rings PAHs. The overall low decrease in
PAHs content was linked to a drastic decrease in PAHs availability likely due to the bioremediation treatment. However, soil
solutions concentration showed low values and no signficant toxicity was characterized. The mixture of the herbaceous species
seemed to be the most promising plants to be used in such procedure. 相似文献
289.
Francis Hassard Jasmine H. Sharp Helen Taft Lewis LeVay John P. Harris James E. McDonald Karen Tuson James Wilson David L. Jones Shelagh K. Malham 《Food and environmental virology》2017,9(2):123-141
We review the risk of norovirus (NoV) infection to the human population from consumption of contaminated shellfish. From a UK perspective, risk is apportioned for different vectors of NoV infection within the population. NoV spreads mainly by person-to-person contact or via unsanitary food handling. NoV also enters the coastal zone via wastewater discharges resulting in contamination of shellfish waters. Typically, NoV persists in the marine environment for several days, with its presence strongly linked to human population density, wastewater discharge rate, and efficacy of wastewater treatment. Shellfish bioaccumulate NoV and current post-harvest depuration is inefficient in its removal. While NoV can be inactivated by cooking (e.g. mussels), consumption of contaminated raw shellfish (e.g. oysters) represents a risk to human health. Consumption of contaminated food accounts for 3–11% of NoV cases in the UK (~74,000 cases/year), of which 16% are attributable to oyster consumption (11,800 cases/year). However, environmental and human factors influencing NoV infectivity remain poorly understood. Lack of standard methods for accurate quantification of infective and non-infective (damaged) NoV particles represent a major barrier, hampering identification of an appropriate lower NoV contamination limit for shellfish. Future management strategies may include shellfish quality assessment (at point of harvest or at point of supply) or harvesting controls. However, poor understanding of NoV inactivation in shellfish and the environment currently limits accurate apportionment and risk assessment for NoV and hence the identification of appropriate shellfish or environmental quality standards. 相似文献
290.
J. Hunter Long Tarek N. Aziz Francis L. de los Reyes Joel J. Ducoste 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2012,90(3):231-245
The addition of readily available high strength organic wastes such as fats, oils, and grease (FOG) from restaurant grease abatement devices may substantially increase biogas production from anaerobic digesters at wastewater treatment facilities. This FOG addition may provide greater economic incentives for the use of excess biogas to generate electricity, thermal, or mechanical energy. Co-digestion of FOG with municipal biosolids at a rate of 10–30% FOG by volume of total digester feed caused a 30–80% increase in digester gas production in two full scale wastewater biosolids anaerobic digesters (Bailey, 2007, Muller et al., 2010). Laboratory and pilot scale anaerobic digesters have shown even larger increases in gas production. However, anaerobic digestion of high lipid wastes has been reported to cause inhibition of acetoclastic and methanogenic bacteria, substrate, and product transport limitation, sludge flotation, digester foaming, blockages of pipes and pumps, and clogging of gas collection and handling systems. This paper reviews the scientific literature on biogas production, inhibition, and optimal reactor configurations, and will highlight future research needed to improve the gas production and overall efficiency of anaerobic co-digestion of FOG with biosolids from municipal wastewater treatment. 相似文献