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471.
David Hernández-Moreno Francisco Soler-Rodríguez M. Prado Míguez-Santiyán Marcos Pérez-López 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):395-404
The effect of a long-term exposure of tenchs to different concentrations (10 and 100 μ g/L) of the pesticide carbofuran has been evaluated. Microsomal hepatic cytochrome P450 subfamily 1A (CYP1A) and 3A (CYP3A) activities, as well as the phase II enzyme uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT) activity were evaluated as adequate biomarkers of fish exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of the pesticide carbofuran in freshwater ecosystems. A clear time-dependent inhibition of both CYP1A and UDPGT activities was observed in fish exposed to the highest dose of carbofuran with respect to controls, whereas in the case of CYP3A activity, values of exposed animals did not show a clear pattern of alteration during the experiment. The results of the present study demonstrated that hepatic CYP1A and UDPGT activities from tench could be considered as sensitive biomarkers for carbamate pesticides in polluted water, thus allowing future and ecologically relevant biomonitoring studies with this species. 相似文献
472.
473.
Description and evaluation of a sampling system for long-time monitoring of PAHs wet deposition 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this paper a new electronically controlled year-round wet-only sampler for wet deposition of trace organic compounds (e.g. airborne PAHs) is described. The sampler provides in situ filtration of the precipitation as well as preconcentration of nonpolar organic compounds by means of a C18-PAH modified silica gel cartridge. The whole assembly is insulated and equipped with heating elements which permit collection of wet deposition as ice or snow and insure correct function of the sampling system even during cold weather. Concurrent chemical analysis of both the particulate and the dissolved phases is performed by high resolution gas chromatography with flame ionization detection or HPLC with fluorescence detection. The reliability of the method was proved by analyzing PAH spiked water (simulated rain) and using NIST SRM 1649 ('urban dust') as certified material for particle-bound PAHs in precipitation. This study proved satisfactorily recoveries of as both particle-bound and unbound aqueous PAH, with only small losses to collector surfaces. It was proved that this new wet-only precipitation sampler can successfully be used for long-time monitoring of PAH in wet depositions in urban areas. 相似文献
474.
The impact of different redox mediators on colour removal of azo dye model compounds and textile wastewater by thermophilic anaerobic granular sludge (55 degrees C) was investigated in batch assays. Additionally, a comparative study between mesophilic (30 degrees C) and thermophilic (55 degrees C) colour removal was performed with textile wastewater, either in the presence or absence of a redox mediator. The present work clearly evidences the advantage of colour removal at 55 degrees C compared with 30 degrees C when dealing with azo coloured wastewaters. The impact of the redox mediators anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS), anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS) and riboflavin was evident with all dyes, increasing decolourisation rates up to 8-fold compared with the mediator-free incubations. The generation of the hydroquinone form AH2QDS, i.e. the reduced form of AQDS, was extremely accelerated at 55 degrees C compared with 30 degrees C. Furthermore, no lag-phase was observed at 55 degrees C. Based on the present results we postulate that the production/transfer of reducing equivalents was the process rate-limiting step, which was accelerated by the temperature increase. It is conclusively stated that 55 degrees C is a more effective temperature for azo dye reduction than 30 degrees C, which on the one hand can be attributed to the faster production/transfer of reducing equivalents, but also to the decrease in activation energy requirements. 相似文献
475.
Nabil Ben Omar Magdalena Martínez-Caamero Ma Teresa Gonzlez-Muoz Jos Maria Arias Francisco Huertas 《Chemosphere》1995,30(12):2387-2396
We studied the possibility of struvite formation using killed cells of Myxococcus xanthus. Cells were killed by heat, UV light and sonication. In all cases, we show that struvite crystallization occurs and we propose that the dead cells or cell debris can act by themselves as heterogeneous crystallization nuclei. We also show that the slime, produced by Myxococcus in a large quantities, is not involved in this process. 相似文献
476.
Modified Whittaker plots as an assessment and monitoring tool for vegetation in a lowland tropical rainforest 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Campbell P Comiskey J Alonso A Dallmeier F Nuñez P Beltran H Baldeon S Nauray W de la Colina R Acurio L Udvardy S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2002,76(1):19-41
Resource exploitation in lowland tropical forests is increasingand causing loss of biodiversity. Effective evaluation and management of the impacts of development on tropical forests requires appropriate assessment and monitoring tools. We proposethe use of 0.1-ha multi-scale, modified Whittaker plots (MWPs) to assess and monitor vegetation in lowland tropical rainforests.We established MWPs at 4 sites to: (1) describe and comparecomposition and structure of the sites using MWPs, (2) compare these results to those of 1-ha permanent vegetation plots (BDPs),and (3) evaluate the ability of MWPs to detect changes in populations (statistical power). We recorded more than 400 species at each site. Species composition among the sites was distinctive, while mean abundance and basal area was similar. Comparisons between MWPs and BDPs show that they record similarspecies composition and abundance and that both perform equallywell at detecting rare species. However, MWPs tend to record morespecies, and power analysis studies show that MWPs were more effective at detecting changes in the mean number of species of trees 10 cm in diameter at breast height (dbh) and in herbaceous plants. Ten MWPs were sufficient to detect a change of 11% in the mean number of herb species, and they were able to detect a 14% change in the mean number of species of trees 10 cm dbh. The value of MWPs for assessment and monitoringis discussed, along with recommendations for improving the sampling design to increase power. 相似文献
477.
Francisco Taveira Pinto 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2004,10(1):147-157
The practice of coastal zone management in Portugal is very recent. Key issues and considerations about natural shoreline
dynamics, main policy instruments, and lessons learned from the EU Demonstration Programmes on Integrated Coastal Zone Management
in Portugal will be outlined in this paper in an attempt to understand how the practice of ICZM and its prospects are. Coastal
zone management problems and their associated side effects, as well as national and international evolution patterns will
be drawn. Some means of achieving better coastal zone management practices and ways of addressing some of its forefront issues
are also identified. Special attention will go to erosion problems. The pressure induced by urban development and economic
activities on coastal areas is increasing. Poor sediment availability combined with years of neglected management and over-exploitation
of resources have had a negative impact, and there are many areas showing evidence of coastal erosion. There is a need to
improve policies and instruments of coastal planning and management. Coastal zone management plans are being developed for
the nine sectors of the continental Portuguese coast, providing a full analysis of coastal systems and a delimitation of uses
in relation to the carrying capacity of the shoreline. 相似文献
478.
Defalque Cristiane Maria Marins Fernando Augusto Silva da Silva Aneirson Francisco Rodríguez Elen Yanina Aguirre 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(1):55-76
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - A discussion is currently under way in the literature on the sustainable benefits of recycling material, particularly paper, which has high global... 相似文献
479.
The sequential extraction procedures described by Tessier et al., McGrath and Cegarra, and Gimeno-García et al. were compared
to investigate trace element (As, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) partitioning patterns and extraction efficiency in three contaminated
soils from Mediterranean regions of Spain. Soils were selected from Onda (Castellón) (S1), Aznalcóllar (Sevilla) (S2), and
Silla (Valencia) (S3). S1 was a soil contaminated with Pb and Zn after dumping of wastes from the manufacture of ceramic tiles,
S2 was polluted accidentally with a highly acid and As-concentrated sludge from mining activities, and S3 was a soil with
a high Cr content from tannery sludge disposal. Trace element distribution in the soils—soluble, exchangeable, organically
bound, precipitated with carbonates, bound to iron and manganese oxides, and precipitated with sulfides fractions—varied significantly
according to the extraction procedure used. In addition, different extraction efficiencies were found for the three sequential
extraction procedures compared. Finally, the trace elements studied showed different and specific distribution patterns between
the various soil fractions examined. 相似文献
480.
Marcos Pérez-López Francisco Soler Rodríguez David Hernández-Moreno Lucas Rigueira Luis Eusebio Fidalgo Ana López Beceiro 《毒物与环境化学》2016,98(1):109-117
Cd, Pb, and Zn were quantified in liver and kidney of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) which were hunted during the 2003–2011 hunting seasons in Galicia (NW Spain). The effects of age and gender were evaluated to determine whether these variables should be included in future biomonitoring studies. The concentrations of hepatic and renal Cd (average 0.6 and 1.3 µg/g) and Pb (0.8 and 0.06 µg/g, respectively) were similar to background levels, with no known toxicological relevance. Similarly, the average levels of Zn in liver and kidney (77 and 17 µg/g) were in the range of physiological levels for canids. Although no significant gender-dependent variations were observed, the effect of aging was evident: the levels of hepatic Pb and both hepatic and renal Cd were higher in adults than in juveniles. Age should be included as a parameter during future biomonitoring programs focusing on trace metal bioaccumulation in red foxes. 相似文献