人工湿地处理不同废水工艺与植物优化配置研究

从各种废水处理技术类型及其处理效果与经济效益出发,针对近年来人工湿地技术的应用情况,综述了国内外利用人工湿地技术处理生活污水、污染河流和富营养化水体、农村污水和畜牧养殖废水、城市地表径流、工业废水(包括造纸废水、油田废水、矿区废水等)等方面的进展,分析了人工湿地处理不同废水的工艺流程,并对湿地植物优化配置提出了相应建议,旨在为人工湿地处理废水的工程应用提供技术参考.     

催化技术对绿色化学的影响研究

绿色化学又称环境友好化学,它是在化学产品的设计、制造和应用过程中运用一套原理和理论来减少或者消除对有害物质的生产和利用的一门学科。绿色化学工艺的目标是用化学的技术和手段去减少或消除那些对人类健康有害的原料、产物、副产物、溶剂和试剂等的产生或应用。催化技术是绿色化学工艺研究及应用的重要手段,简要介绍了绿色化学与催化的关系、催化剂的研究进展及典型实例,并列举了几种新型绿色催化剂,详细分析了其环境友好特性。     

通海台磁通门地磁记录仪基线值日变化现象

通过对通海地磁台2009年到2012年地磁记录日变化准确度标定及基线值数据的精度、稳定性和变化形态的分析,结合观测日所产出地磁总强度数据的F-P检验结果,研究基线值随地磁日变化的变化情况。结果表明,通海台M15(FGE磁通门)磁力仪的ZB、GM4磁通门磁力仪的HB与地磁场的日变化具有一定的相关性,存在日变化现象。     

模糊综合评判在崩塌预测中的应用

本文用模糊数学理论建立了崩塌易发性预测模型,模型中通过对崩塌影响因素的分析,选取8种因素作为预测因子,4个等级作为评价集,并引入k次抛物型模糊分布作为隶属函数。之后采用层次分析法求出权重,使用matlab软件检验权重的一致性并计算结果向量,从而实现对崩塌发育影响因素严重性等级综合评判。实例表明:模糊综合评价方法可操作性强、效果较好,可在一般崩塌发育影响因素分析评价中广泛应用。     

Fenton/微波深度处理增塑剂废水

探讨微波功率、活性炭投加量、pH及反应时间等因素对微波处理效果的影响;考察废水pH、Fe2+和H2O2比例、Fe2+离子浓度及处理时间等因素对Fenton处理效果的影响。分别选择最优条件进行Fenton/微波联合处理邻苯二甲酸酯废水实验,COD去除率达98.7%,出水满足国家综合排放标准中一级标准。     

Detection of Viruses in Coastal Seawater Using <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mytilus Galloprovincialis</Emphasis> as an Accumulation Matrix

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that shellfish can be used to detect enteric viruses in marine waters where they are present at very low concentrations. Aqua-cultured mussels were placed in the sea just off the mouth of a drainage channel affected by human and animal faecal contamination. Samples were taken from the channel, the sea and the mussels at intervals over two 4-week periods. The samples were tested to verify the presence of both rotaviruses and E. coli. Rotaviruses were detected by Real Time-PCR, typed by multiplex PCR and subsequently sequenced. E. coli was enumerated in water matrices by a filtering method and in mussels by the MPN method. The presence of E. coli in the examined matrices demonstrates contamination of faecal origin throughout the studied environments. Rotaviruses were recorded in channel waters, but not in sea water. In both experiments, rotaviruses were detected in mussels 21 and 28 days after being placed in the sea water off the channel mouth. The use of mussels thus enabled the detection of rotaviruses in waters where the high dilution rendered direct investigation impossible. This study indicates that mussels can be used in marine virological surveillance programs.     

球形棕囊藻与红树林细菌Flavobacterium sp.相互关系的研究

从深圳福田红树林中分离出一株细菌,对球形棕囊藻有溶藻活性,通过形态鉴定为假单胞菌属细菌。将球形棕囊藻、藻过滤液和提取的溶血毒素与细菌共培养,通过荧光显微计数及平板计数研究活细菌数和可培养细菌数,结果表明:当细菌直接与棕囊藻共培养时,细菌很快进入VBNC状态,细菌能够促进棕囊藻溶血毒素的积累。而将细菌置于透析袋中与棕囊藻一起共培养时,棕囊藻对细菌的VBNC状态影响不大,细菌对棕囊藻溶血毒素的积累无影响。对数期、稳定期棕囊藻培养过滤液和溶血毒素均可使细菌很快进入VBNC状态,溶血毒素可能在球形棕囊藻在被牧食及抑制其他竞争者中(化感作用)扮演着重要的角色。     

Greenhouse gas mitigation and offset options for suckler cow farms: an economic comparison for the Swiss case

We assessed the economic suitability of 4 greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation options and one GHG offset option for an improvement of the GHG balance of a representative Swiss suckler cow farm housing 35 Livestock units and cultivating 25 ha grassland. GHG emissions per kilogram meat in the economic optimum differ between the production systems and range from 18 to 21.9 kg CO₂-eq./kg meat. Only GHG offset by agroforestry systems showed the potential to significantly reduce these emissions. Depending on the production system agroforestry systems could reduce net GHG emissions by 66% to 7.3 kg CO₂-eq./kg meat in the most intensive system and by 100% in the most extensive system. In this calculation a carbon sequestration rate of 8 t CO₂/ha/year was assumed. The potential of a combination of the addition of lipids to the diet, a cover of the slurry tank and the application of nitrification inhibitors only had the potential to reduce GHG emissions by 12% thereby marginal abatement costs are increasing much faster than for agroforestry systems. A reduction of the GHG emissions to 7.5 kg CO₂-eq./kg meat—possible with agroforestry only—raised costs between 0.03 CHF/kg meat and 0.38 CHF/kg meat depending on the production system and the state of the system before the reduction. If GHG emissions were reduced maximally average costs ranged between 0.37 CHF/kg meat, if agroforestry had the potential to reduce net GHG emissions to 0 kg CO₂-eq., to 1.17 CHF/kg meat if also other options had to be applied.     

基于生命周期的产品碳足迹评价与核算分析

近年来,越来越多的企业对其产品进行碳足迹评价,评价方法主要采用产品碳足迹评价标准提供的碳计量方程,如GHG Protocol、ISO14064、PAS 2050、TS Q 0010等。在介绍相关评价标准的基础上,分析了产品碳足迹的评价步骤,最后利用河北盛华化工有限公司生产的PVC产品为例,给出了基于生命周期的B2B模式的产品碳足迹评价的案例。为企业及相关机构开展碳足迹评价提供借鉴作用。