离子液体支撑液膜萃取分离双酚A、辛基酚和壬基酚

本研究以离子液体1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([BM IM][PF6])作膜溶剂,利用支撑液膜分离技术,用0.1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液作萃取溶液将三种环境内分泌干扰物壬基酚、辛基酚和双酚A进行分离。研究结果显示该支撑液膜分离技术对双酚A的萃取效果最好,其次是辛基酚,而壬基酚不被萃取。利用该技术能将三种混合物选择性地进行萃取分离,但萃取时间不宜超过46小时。     

海南国际旅游岛旅游水环境现状调查与分析

界定了旅游水环境的概念,采用资料调查、咨询访问和个别现场调查等方法,对海南省旅游水环境进行了调查与分析。结果表明,海南省1989年至2008年旅游业的用水量占全省生活用水量的比例都很小,对海南水资源总量的影响也很小,2008年三亚市、海口市和万宁市三个城市的旅游业用水量之和占到全省旅游业总用水量的79.9%;海南省河流、水库、海域和地下水环境质量总体优良,仅有少量监测出现超标现象;在旅游水环境重点保护对象中,海南中部山区河流源头水、主要滨海旅游区近岸海域、三大河流和两大水库等水体水质均为优良,城镇、乡镇集中式生活饮用水水源地和城市河段大多数水体水质满足环境功能要求,有少量水体水质超标。河流、水库和个别城镇集中式生活饮用水水源地水质超标主要是农业面源污染和生活污水的污染。乡镇集中式生活饮用水水源地水质超标的主要原因是受海水、生活污水、生活垃圾、分散式畜禽养殖污水等的渗透污染和土壤中铁、猛背景值含量较高所致。     

污水处理市场化改革与运营监管探析——以深圳市龙岗区为例

运营监管是污水处理市场化改革中的重要问题。文章在分析污水处理市场运营监管必要性的基础上,围绕监管制度建设问题,通过对深圳市龙岗区污水处理市场化进程、监管体系的建立和运营监管措施的实证分析,总结经验及不足,并从中得出建立健全污水处理市场化运营监管体制机制的相应思路和建议。     

生物标志物在溢油生物修复效果评价中的应用研究进展

原油中含有多种生物标志物,并具有抗生物降解、抗风化等特点,可以作为内标化合物用于溢油生物效果评价。本论文在介绍原油中类异戊二烯类、甾烷类、萜烷类和烷基化多环芳烃类生物标志物结构特点和分析方法的基础上,重点评述了近年来这几类生物标志物的降解性及其在溢油生物修复效果评价中应用的国内外研究进展。     

基于GIS和污染源普查数据的环境准入措施研究——以绍兴市“十二五”水污染防治为例

从总量环境准入、空间环境准入和项目环境准入三个方面对绍兴市环境准入实施进行了初步评价,基于污染源普查数据和GIS工具,识别绍兴环境准入实施面临的问题,并针对纺织印染业、造纸业和化工业,提出未来绍兴市在水污染防治过程中实施环境准入的主要措施。     

Optimization of an in vitro method to measure the bioaccessibility of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in dust using response surface methodology

To more reasonably evaluate human intake of PBDEs via dust ingestion, bioaccessibility should be taken into account. Previously, we developed an in vitro method to determine the bioaccessibility of PBDEs in food. Here, this method was adapted to determine the bioaccessibility of PBDEs in dust and the digestion conditions that influenced the bioaccessibility of PBDEs were optimized. The digestion conditions included the incubation time of dust in the intestinal digestion solution (T), the bile concentration in the intestinal digestion solution (C_bile), and the ratio of the volume of the intestinal digestion solution to dust (R). The influence of the concentrations of individual PBDE congeners (C_PBDE) on the bioaccessibility of PBDEs was also investigated. Central composite design was used to build an experimental model and set experimental parameters, and response surface methodology was used to analyze the obtained data. The results showed that the bioaccessibility of PBDEs increased with the increases of C_bile and R, and was independent of T and C_PBDE. Under the digestion conditions with C_bile and R being at 4.0-7.0 g/L and 150-250, respectively, the bioaccessibility of PBDEs in the method-dust varied from 39.2% to 72.8%, which were comparable with the bioaccessibility or bioavailability of PBDEs in dust/soil in the literature. Thus, the in vitro method to measure the bioaccessibility of PBDEs in dust was established and validated. Finally, the bioaccessibility of PBDEs in four natural dust samples, which ranged from 36.1% to 43.3%, were determined using the adapted method.     

Computing payment for ecosystem services in watersheds: An analysis of the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion in China

An improved watershed criteria model was developed in light of research on payment for ecosystem services outflows theory.     

株洲市区大气环境质量现状评价、预测及其防治对策

为推动株洲市现代生态城市的建设和提升株洲市的综合竞争能力,通过对"十五"期间株洲市区大气环境质量变化趋势的分析和评价,提出改善大气环境质量的对策,并预测了"十一五"期间大气环境质量.结果表明:"十五"期间株洲市区总体环境空气质量处于污染严重水平,SO2是市区空气污染中的主要污染物,其次是PM10,而NO2年均值达到环境空气质量一级标准.模式预测表明,"十一五"期间,株洲市市区环境空气中SO2、NO2和PM10的年平均浓度呈缓慢下降,环境空气质量将得到不断提高.     

烧结烟气中氨-络合法同步脱硫脱硝络合剂再生的实验研究

对氨-络合法同步脱硫脱硝废液中络合剂再生进行了实验研究。结果表明,在50℃、p H值为5.65、Fe(Ⅱ)-EDTA浓度为0.04 mol/L、再生剂/Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA为2∶1的条件下,经铁粉再生后吸收液最高脱硫脱硝效率分别达到99%和75%;焦粉再生最高脱硫脱硝效率达到97%和46%;而乙二醛再生最高脱硫脱硝效率仅为80%和20%。同时铁粉再生中试结果也还表明脱硫效果可以稳定在100%,脱硝效果可维持在60%。     

蒲河流域污染源水污染物监测指标筛选研究

科学合理的监测指标对污染源水污染物总量监控体系的构建至关重要。针对监测指标单一、缺乏代表污染源排污情况的特征性监测指标,开展污染源监测指标的优化与筛选。以示范区蒲河流域内机制纸及纸板制造行业为研究对象,采用综合评分法和三参量综合评价指数法进行监测指标的优化与筛选,建立了由COD、氨氮、悬浮物、油类、硫化物、氯化物、挥发酚及AOX等8项监测指标组成的指标体系,为构建动态、智能的辽河流域水环境安全及污染物总量监控体系提供理论依据和技术支撑。