秦山三期核电工程气象相关实验研究及其在选址评价中的应用

１９９５年９、１０月间在秦山三期核电厂址进行了气象相关实验，即在秦山一、二、三期进行低空风、温与地面风的同步观测，在三期厂址进行平衡球测扩散参数，风洞模拟实验测量建筑群对流场与扩散参数的影响．并探讨如何应用气象相关实验结果由已建厂址的气象数据来估算新建厂址年均扩散因子的方法与公式．     

农牧交错带农业生态服务功能的作用及其保护途径

目前全球农业生产覆盖全球25％～30％的土地面积，约50％的可利用土地已经被农业占据。如果农业生态系统．特别是生态脆弱区的系统服务功能得不到恢复与保护．那将会拖全球环境保护的“后腿”。由于中国的国情决定了在生态脆弱区环境保护中必须坚持环境保护与发展农业生产“两手抓“。因此．农业生态系统服务功能的恢复、维持应该成为该地区生态环境保护与建设的重要组成部分。农业生产不仅要提高生态系统服务的产品功能，更要恢复和维持其各种维持生命的间接服务功能。本文在分析农业生态系统服务功能退化表现与影响因素的基础上．提出了针对各项服务功能的恢复与维持对策。     

江苏省第三产业清洁生产方案的研究

本文通过对第三产业中宾馆饭店、旅游园林、学校等试点单位开展清洁生产的具体措施 ,分析第三产业清洁生产的特点 ,建立第三产业清洁生产的标准规范 ,提出可操作的第三产业实施清洁生产的程序方案 ,探索第三产业发展与环境保护和谐统一的途径     

Incidence rates and risk factors for injury events in high school students in Lijin County, China

PROBLEM: Most investigations of injuries among Chinese populations are focused on urban or better developed areas, fewer on rural or poor areas. METHODS: From September 21 to 27, 2002, an epidemiological investigation of eight kinds of injury-related events was carried out among 1,944 students in 39 classes randomly sampled from middle schools in Lijin County, a rural area. The eight kinds of events were: (a) traffic accidents, (b) poisoning, (c) fall, (d) burn or scald, (e) blunt or sharp tools contact, (f) electrical contact, (g) animal or insect bites, and (h) non-fatal drowning. RESULTS: The total incidence rate of eight kinds of injuries in the previous year was 21.1%. The incidence rate among boys was 24.2%, while that among girls was 17.4%, which was significant (chi-square=13.4, P<0.05). The incidence rate among junior high school students was 23.1%, while that among senior high school students was 15.5%, which was also significant (chi-square=13.2, P<0.05). A case-control study of 410 students with at least one of eight kinds of injury events indicated that students' gender and their mothers' health status were related to their injuries. CONCLUSION: The injury incidence rate in a rural area was less than other results in urban or developed areas. Students' gender and mothers' health status were important factors associated with the occurrence of injury. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: In order to improve the surroundings of the growing population of adolescents, some preventive measures should be put forward, especially to the high-risk students of injury.     

臭氧活性炭工艺中卤乙酸生成潜能与相对分子质量分布关系的研究

通过臭氧生物活性炭和微曝气生物活性炭(O₃/BAC和micro-aeration/BAC)2套工艺研究其对不同相对分子质量有机物去除特点和不同相对分子量有机物生成的卤乙酸及其去除特性.结果表明,O₃/BAC工艺对相对分子质量区间>30×10³的有机物去除率超过90%.O₃/BAC与micro-aeration/BAC出水中,UV₂₅₄值表示相对分子质量<103的有机物超过50%,相对分子量区间在10×10³～30×10³的有机物占20%～30%;在O₃/BAC和微曝气/BAC工艺出水中,以相对分子质量<10³的有机物生成的卤乙酸最多,生成DCAA、TCAA、DBAA分别为97.00、38.55、2.10μg/L和104.00、42.75和2.92μg/L;采用各处理单元不同分子量有机物与氯反应生成的DCAA、TCAA、DBAA和THAAs与相对应的UV₂₅₄值进行线性拟合,相关系数分别为0.827、0.851 3、0.815 7和0.878.UV₂₅₄与臭氧生物活性炭处理工艺出水中的卤乙酸生成潜能具有较好的线性关系.     

水质对UV/H2O2降解17α-乙炔基雌二醇（EE2）的影响

采用UV/H₂O₂间歇式光氧化反应器,研究了溶液pH值、腐殖酸及水中常见阴离子HCO₃^-、NO₃^-、CO₃^2-、Cl^-和SO₄^2-对UV/H₂O₂工艺降解17α-乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)的影响.结果表明,UV/H₂O₂工艺可以有效地去除水中的EE2,光降解过程符合一级反应动力学模型.双氧水投加量为5 mg/L时,在14W低压汞灯照射下,EE2在自来水和蒸馏水中的光降解一级反应速率常数为0.063 0min^-1和0.132 4min^-1.溶液中的腐殖酸和阴离子HCO₃^-、NO₃^-、Cl^-、SO₄^2-对EE2的光降解反应有抑制作用,4种阴离子浓度为5 mmol/L时,抑制作用依次为HCO₃^->SO₄^2->Cl^->NO₃^-,HCO₃^-可使光降解速率常数降低到50%.自来水中的光降解速率常数低于蒸馏水中的光降解速率常数是水中多种离子影响的结果.     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the aerosol in Beijing, China, measured by aminopropylsilane chemically-bonded stationary-phase column chromatography and HPLC/fluorescence detection

We developed a useful analytical method for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) concentrations in the aerosol of China. We used an accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) method for the extraction of PAHs from the aerosol samples, in order to reduce the extraction time and the solvent volume used. The optimum purification method was developed, with aminopropylsilane chemically-bonded stationary-phase column chromatography, in order to remove many co-extractives which cannot be removed by conventional purification methods using silica-gel column chromatography. HPLC/fluorescence detection (FLD) was adopted as the analytical method, because it has very high sensitivity to PAH and it is easy to install, operate, and maintain as compared with GC/MS. With the analytical method developed in this study, the recovery and precision (RSD) for most of the PAHs ranged from 75% to 129% and from 2.8% to 22.7%, respectively. The concentrations of PAHs in the aerosol samples collected from October 2003 to April 2005 in Beijing, China were determined using the newly developed method. SigmaPAHs, which is the sum of the concentrations of all detected PAHs, was 177.8 +/- 239.9 ng m(-3) (n = 64). The SigmaPAHs concentration in the heating season (305.1 +/- 279.0 ng m(-3), n = 33) was 7.2 times higher than that in the non-heating season (42.3 +/- 32.0 ng m(-3), n = 31). These strong seasonal variations in atmospheric PAH concentration are possibly due to coal combustion for residential heating in winter.     

无排泥运行MBR处理不同浓度氨氮废水及其生物特性

考察了水力停留时间(HRT)为10 h时无排泥运行下膜-生物反应器(MBR)处理不同浓度氨氮无机废水的运行性能及微生物特性.结果表明,在处理NH₄⁺-N≤500 mg/L的废水时,氨氮转化率可达99%且反应器内微生物增长缓慢,比硝化速率从0.2kg/(kg·d)升至0.52 kg/(kg·d);当NH₄⁺-N≥700 mg/L时,出水亚硝酸氮和氨氮相继出现明显累积,比硝化速率随之下降至0.4kg/(kg·d)以下,反应器内生物量从3 200 mg/L上升至6 700 mg/L.反应器中的氨氧化菌维持在10⁷CFU/mL,亚硝酸盐氧化菌从10⁶CFU/mL下降至10³CFU/mL.系统内的溶解性微生物产物(以TOC表示)升至65 mg/L后保持稳定,出水TOC一直维持在3～4mg/L;细胞外分泌物(EPS)在膜的截流作用下随运行时间的延长积累至600 mg/L.     

改性麦草秸秆对水中磷酸根吸附效果的研究

为实现农作物秸秆资源化,解决水体富营养化问题,将麦草秸秆化学改性成一种可以有效吸附水体中磷酸根的阳离子型吸附剂.考察了吸附剂投加量、磷酸根溶液初始pH、温度等因素对吸附效果的影响,分析了改性麦草秸秆对磷酸根的吸附动力学过程和吸附机理.结果表明,在吸附剂投加量为4 g·L-1和磷酸根溶液初始pH为4.0～7.5条件下,改性麦草秸秆对磷酸根的吸附效果最好,去除率均高于90%;改性麦草秸秆对磷酸根的吸附符合Freundlich等温模式,饱和吸附容量为2.38 mmol·g-1;吸附过程符合一级反应动力学方程,为快速反应过程;反应活化能为12.6 kJ·mol-1,反应速率对温度的变化不敏感.     

负载MnO2陶瓷膜催化臭氧氧化处理石化污水反渗透浓水

采用陶瓷膜催化臭氧氧化技术处理石化污水反渗透浓水.考察了MnO2/Al2O3陶瓷膜和Al2O3陶瓷膜对臭氧分解率、羟基自由基浓度以及水中有机物处理效果的影响.实验结果表明:MnO2/Al2O3陶瓷膜能够显著提高臭氧分解率,生成的羟基自由基浓度相比单独臭氧体系提高了21.2％;在臭氧投加量为50 mg/L时,MnO2/A...