自供电方式的输气站发电机房火险管理

结合涩宁兰输气管道涩北首站实际情况,就发电机房发生火灾事故后的应急反应程序进行了详细论证,提出了具体的火灾防范措施和改进需求,对基于自供电输气场站的发电机房火灾事故应急工作提供了参考.     

烟气组分扩散系数的确定

为了研究烟气中多组分传质问题,引入了Maxwell-Stefan方程.将二元组分扩散和多元组分扩散关系用于研究烟气组分扩散.通过引入表观扩散系数来研究烟气成分、温度和系统压力对其中有害成分SO2和NO的扩散系数的影响.结果显示,低压和适当增加温度有利于SO2和NO的脱除,这对烟气脱硫脱硝过程的设计提供了一定的参考.     

人-机系统事故预防理论研究

分析人-机系统事故发生原因,剖析经典以人失误为主因的事故致因模型存在的不足,在该模型基础上增加"刺激"形成的原因,构建了改进事故致因模型。对两模型进行比较研究,指出人机工程学与防止事故的关系,提出了人机工程学防止事故的方法,并给出人机界面合理性主观评价检查表。研究及论证表明:预防人-机系统事故的本质在于有效防止人失误的发生,除安全管理措施以外,最重要的是人机工程学问题,笔者提出的基于人机工程学的人-机系统事故预防理论,对人-机系统事故的预防起到积极的指导作用。     

乌鲁木齐市电磁辐射污染的调查及分析

报道了乌鲁木剂市电磁辐射污染的调查结果,阐明了乌鲁木齐市电磁污染的现状和分析状况,并依据调查结果对各类污染源的电磁泄漏进行了分析讨论。     

环境气体标准样品量值的计算及不确定度分析

依据《气体分析校准气体混合物的制备重量法》（1SO6142—2001）和《气体分析气体标准样品组成的测定和校验比较法》（ISO6143—2001）,阐述了环境气体标准样品不同定值方法的量值计算及不确定度来源,并比较了同一气体标准样品采用不同定值方法得到的不同量值结果及不确定度：     

天然硅藻土作为吸附材料处理渗滤液的效果研究

利用天然硅藻土在静态条件下对垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮和COD的吸附效果进行了研究。结果表明：天然硅藻土对于氨氮的去除效率只有14．1％;但对COD的去除效率可以达到70．1％;天然硅藻土对于COD的饱和吸附量和吸附速度明显高于其对氨氮的饱和吸附量及吸附速度;在平衡浓度相当高的情况下,每克硅藻土具有吸附65．31mg COD的极限潜力。     

辐射安全联锁系统的探索与实践

针对工业和医用放射性同位素与射线装置发生放射性污染的安全隐患,采用PLC控制技术,设计一套联锁系统,有效地保护操作人员和公众,避免因为人为失误或设备故障造成放射性污染事故。     

Development of a multi-criteria index ranking system for urban runoff best management practices (BMPs) selection

Low impact development best management practices (LID-BMPs) are considered to be cost-effective measures for mitigating the water quantity and quality impact of urban runoff. Currently, there are many types of LID-BMPs, and each type has its own intrinsic technical and/or economical characteristics and limitations for implementation. The selection of the most appropriate BMP type(s) for a specific installation site is therefore a very important planning step. In the present study, a multi-criteria selection index system (MCIS) for LID-BMP planning was developed. The selection indexes include 12 first-level indices and 26 second-level indices which reflect the specific installation site characteristics pertaining to site suitability, runoff control performance, and economics of implementation. A mechanism for ranking the BMPs was devised. First, each individual second-level index was assigned a numeric value that was based on site characteristics and information on LID-BMPs. The quantified indices were normalized and then integrated to obtain the score for each of the first-level index. The final evaluation scores of each LID-BMP were then calculated based on the scores for the first-level indices. Finally, the appropriate BMP types for a specific installation site were determined according to the rank of the final evaluation scores. In order to facilitate the application of the MCIS BMP ranking system, the computational process has been coded into a software program, BMPSELEC. A case study demonstrating the MCIS methodology, using an LID-BMP implementation planning at a college campus in Foshan, Guangdong Province, is presented.     

Spatial and seasonal distribution of nitrogen in marsh soils of a typical floodplain wetland in Northeast China

Horizontal and profile distributions of nitrogen in marsh soils in different seasons were studied in a typical site within the Erbaifangzi wetland in Northeast China. Results showed that there was higher spatial heterogeneity for nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--_{3}^{-}-N) and ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺_{4}^{+}–N), as well as available nitrogen (AN), in surface soils in July compared to that in September. Relative to July, the mean nitrogen contents in surface soils were slightly higher in September; however, in November, soils contained significantly lower NO₃^--_{3}^{-}-N and NH₄⁺_{4}^{+}–N, higher AN, organic nitrogen (Org-N), and total nitrogen (TN). Except for mineral nitrogen, no significant differences were observed between Org-N and TN contents in September and November. Nitrogen contents generally declined exponentially with depth along soil profiles in three sampling dates (July, September, and November), except for a significant accumulation peak of NO₃^--_{3}^{-}-N at the 20–30 cm depth in September. However, NH₄⁺_{4}^{+}–N contents showed a vertical alternation of “increasing and decreasing” in both July and September, while nearly kept constant with depth in November. The depth ranking of nitrogen showed the shallowest distribution for AN, followed by Org-N and TN, while deeper distributions for NO₃^--_{3}^{-}-N and NH₄⁺_{4}^{+}–N. TN, Org-N, and AN were significantly correlated with soil organic matter and total phosphorus. Soil pH values were significantly correlated with TN and AN contents in surface soils. Clay contents showed significant correlations with nitrogen contents except for NO₃^--_{3}^{-}-N in surface soils and NH₄⁺_{4}^{+}–N in profile soils. However, soil moisture was not significantly correlated with nitrogen contents among all soil samples.     

薄基岩厚松散含水层下综放开采安全性研究

为研究薄基岩厚松散层含水层下综放开采的安全性,通过对赵家寨煤矿12采区东翼松散层地质特征分析,将其分为"一隔三含",并揭露其厚度和结构分布特征对煤炭开采的影响。采用经验公式计算不同采高下导水裂隙带高度,并建立UDEC数值模型模拟分析开采过程中上覆岩层变形破坏规律。基于导水裂隙带高度经验公式计算、数值模拟结果和相关实测资料,并结合12采区东翼的地质特征,引入"导水裂隙带高度调整系数n"概念,提出并验证该区域的导水裂隙带高度计算公式。结果表明,12采区东翼大部分区域可疏干新近系下部含水层后开采,研究内容可减小防水煤岩柱高度,提高煤炭采出率。