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121.
Geraint A. Tarling Jennifer J. Freer Neil S. Banas Anna Belcher Mayleen Blackwell Claudia Castellani Kathryn B. Cook Finlo R. Cottier Malin Daase Magnus L. Johnson Kim S. Last Penelope K. Lindeque Daniel J. Mayor Elaine Mitchell Helen E. Parry Douglas C. Speirs Gabriele Stowasser Marianne Wootton 《Ambio》2022,51(2):333
The changing Arctic environment is affecting zooplankton that support its abundant wildlife. We examined how these changes are influencing a key zooplankton species, Calanus finmarchicus, principally found in the North Atlantic but expatriated to the Arctic. Close to the ice-edge in the Fram Strait, we identified areas that, since the 1980s, are increasingly favourable to C. finmarchicus. Field-sampling revealed part of the population there to be capable of amassing enough reserves to overwinter. Early developmental stages were also present in early summer, suggesting successful local recruitment. This extension to suitable C. finmarchicus habitat is most likely facilitated by the long-term retreat of the ice-edge, allowing phytoplankton to bloom earlier and for longer and through higher temperatures increasing copepod developmental rates. The increased capacity for this species to complete its life-cycle and prosper in the Fram Strait can change community structure, with large consequences to regional food-webs.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01667-y. 相似文献
122.
Kathrin Baumann Harald Maurer Gabriele Rau Martin Piringer Ulrike Pechinger Andr Prvt Markus Furger Bruno Neininger Umberto Pellegrini 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2001,35(36):897
During the Mesoscale Alpine Programme (MAP) special observation period (SOP) between 7 September and 15 November 1999, ground-based and airborne measurements have been conducted in the Rhine valley south of the Lake of Constance to investigate the unstationary aspects of Foehn and related phenomena, like the impact of Foehn on the ozone concentrations in the valley. Foehn events occurred with above-average frequency and high diversity. Foehn induced ozone peaks in October and November are found to be much lower than the September Foehn case of the period. An inversion layer in the lake area with ozone concentrations below 10 ppb often shields the monitoring stations from the Foehn air aloft. Trajectory calculations for the Foehn period between 19 and 24 October 1999 reveal that the Foehn air originated from below 1 to 1.5 km above the Po Basin and the Mediterranean Sea. Tethered balloon soundings in the source area south of the Alps, ozone measurements at the mountain station Jungfraujoch (3580 m a.s.l.) and airborne measurements across the Alpine crests reveal that the ozone levels found in the Foehn air correspond to the concentrations just above the mixing height in the Po Basin and are transported across the Alpine crest within the lowest flow layer. 相似文献
123.
Guillermo Gonzalez Gabriele Sorci Linda C. Smith Florentino Lope 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2001,50(6):557-562
Female preference for mates with elaborated ornaments has often been explained on the basis that exaggerated secondary sexual traits might reflect individual quality and females might gather direct and indirect benefits in mating with such males. Sexual signals must however also entail costs to be reliable indicators of male quality. Androgens have been suggested as a physiological link between sexual signals and individual quality for several reasons, including their immunosuppressive effect. In this study, we tested two hypotheses linked to the hormonal basis of sexual signal expression. First, we investigated whether testosterone is correlated with the size of the black feather bib on the throat of male house sparrows (Passer domesticus) - a trait involved in intra- and inter-sexual selection. Second, we tested whether testosterone affects the seasonal exposure of the trait. Observational work conducted in 1998 showed that the testosterone level was positively correlated with badge size both in spring and in the subsequent fall, after molt. In 1999, we experimentally reduced spring testosterone levels using silastic implants filled with cyproterone acetate, an antiandrogen. Male house sparrows implanted with cyproterone acetate showed reduced exposure of the badge, because the white tips of the black feathers of the badge wore off later than in control males implanted with empty silastic tubes. This result suggests that testosterone can be causally involved in the expression of a secondary sexual trait in house sparrows, at least in terms of its seasonal exposure. 相似文献
124.
Gabriele Fava Romeo Fratesi Maria Letizia Ruello Daniela Sani 《Chemistry and Ecology》2002,18(3):223-232
The present work relates to galvanized structures with several years of time life subjected to atmospheric corrosion, like galvanized high tension steel pylons. The mass and fate of zinc released is evaluated both via empirical and experimental procedures. The corrosion rate determination requested atmospheric condition characterization, especially for SO 2 concentration and experimental activities focused on soil sampling around pylons. The soil zinc content, total and exchangeable, is determinates by different analytical procedures. The zinc diffusion in environment and the zinc extension under the top soil is evaluated using 1-dimensional mathematical model for miscible species in porous soil. 相似文献
125.
Summary This study assessed the contribution of an oil seed industry to the organic loadings of an urban atmosphere, so that more realistic strategies can be developed to control such pollution. Emission measurements suggest that fatty acids, aldehydes and solvent related hydrocarbons are emitted in amounts comparable to or even exceeding anthropogenic organics. Technological options for controlling emissions in the context of the local situation with the data presented are discussed.Paolo Battistoni was born in Ancona, Italy in 1951 and received a degree in chemistry in 1974 at Bologna University. He started his activity at Ancona University where he is a permanent professor of waste water treatments. His research interests have centered on monitoring of organics in ambient air and waste streams and method developments in these areas.Gabriele L. Fava was born near Bologna, Italy in 1945 and received his degree in chemistry from the University of Bologna in 1972. He started his research activity at Ancona University where he is a permanent professor of pollution and environmental control. He has spent research terms at the Iowa State University, USA in 1976 and 1979. His main interest is in the environmental behaviour of toxic substances through physicochemical profiles. 相似文献
126.
Roberto Delogu Andrea Battistone Gabriele Buttinelli Stefano Fiore Stefano Fontana Concetta Amato Karen Cristiano Sabine Gamper Josef Simeoni Rita Frate Laura Pellegrinelli Sandro Binda Licia Veronesi Roberta Zoni Paolo Castiglia Andrea Cossu Maria Triassi Francesca Pennino Cinzia Germinario Viviana Balena Antonella Cicala Pietro Mercurio Lucia Fiore Carlo Pini Paola Stefanelli 《Food and environmental virology》2018,10(4):333-342
Within the initiatives for poliomyelitis eradication by WHO, Italy activated an environmental surveillance (ES) in 2005. ES complements clinical Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance for possible polio cases, detects poliovirus circulation in environmental sewage, and is used to monitor transmission in communities. In addition to polioviruses, the analyses comprised: (i) the monitoring of the presence of non-polio enteroviruses in sewage samples and (ii) the temporal and geographical distribution of the detected viruses. From 2009 to 2015, 2880 sewage samples were collected from eight cities participating in the surveillance. Overall, 1479 samples resulted positive for enteroviruses. No wild-type polioviruses were found, although four Sabin-like polioviruses were detected. The low degree of mutation found in the genomes of these four isolates suggests that these viruses have had a limited circulation in the population. All non-polio enteroviruses belonged to species B and the most frequent serotype was CV-B5, followed by CV-B4, E-11, E-6, E-7, CV-B3, and CV-B2. Variations in the frequency of different serotypes were also observed in different seasons and/or Italian areas. Environmental surveillance in Italy, as part of the ‘WHO global polio eradication program’, is a powerful tool to augment the polio surveillance and to investigate the silent circulation or the re-emergence of enteroviruses in the population. 相似文献
127.
Francesca Pennino Antonio Nardone Paolo Montuori Sara Aurino Ida Torre Andrea Battistone Roberto Delogu Gabriele Buttinelli Stefano Fiore Concetta Amato Maria Triassi 《Food and environmental virology》2018,10(2):187-192
Human enteroviruses (HEVs) occur in high concentrations in wastewater and can contaminate receiving environmental waters, constituting a major cause of acute waterborne disease worldwide. In this study, we investigated the relative abundance, occurrence, and seasonal distribution of polio and other enteroviruses at three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Naples, Southern Italy, from January 2010 to December 2014. Influent and effluent samples from the three WWTPs were collected monthly. One hundred and sixty-one of the 731 wastewater samples collected (22.0%) before and after water treatment were CPE positive on RD cells; while no samples were positive on L20B cells from any WWTPs. Among the 140 non-polio enterovirus isolated from inlet sewage, 69.3% were Coxsackieviruses type B and 30.7% were Echoviruses. Among these, CVB3 and CVB5 were most prevalent, followed by CVB4 and Echo6. The twenty-one samples tested after treatment contained 6 CVB4, 5 CVB3, 3 Echo11, and 2 Echo6; while other serotypes were isolated less frequently. Data on viral detection in treated effluents of WWTPs confirmed the potential environmental contamination by HEVs and could be useful to establish standards for policies on wastewater management. 相似文献
128.
129.
Mehmet Coelhan Gerda Fingerling Gabriele Christ Harun Parlar 《Environmental Sciences Europe》1998,10(1):59-59
Residue analysis of toxaphene has been difficult because of the complexicity of the technical mixture consisting of a high number of compounds with very similar structure and differing chloro content. Furthermore, the composition of toxaphene in environmental samples varies widely and is normally not like that of the technical mixture. Therefore, quantification of single components in environmental samples was impossible. After the isolation and identification of a great number of components during the last decade, enough standards are available for reliable quantification of toxaphene in all environmental compartments. Recently, most research has been done on the separation of chiral components of toxaphene with a view to identify degradation mechanisms and distribution pathways. 相似文献
130.