Regional medical waste management in China: a case study of Shenyang

Medical waste management is of great importance due to its potential environmental and public health risks, especially in developing countries where both financial and technological resources on medical waste management are still lacking. Although many studies have focused on country-scaled medical waste management, few have paid close attention to regional (city-scale) management, particularly in China. This paper fills such a gap by employing a case study approach. Due to its representative nature, Shenyang was selected as the case study. After a review of China’s medical waste management, an empirical study in Shenyang was conducted in order to analyze the current state as well as identify key challenges on regional medical waste management. Based upon the local realities and aiming to better manage medical wastes, an integrated medical waste management framework is developed. Such a platform encourages the establishment of a specific medical waste management authority, a city scaled capacity building program on improving the general public’s awareness, an information platform, application of state-of-the-art technologies, as well as creation of an effective financial system. The combination of such initiatives can significantly improve the overall eco-efficiency of medical waste management at the regional level and should be promoted to other developing cities.     

Emergy-based comparative analysis on industrial clusters: economic and technological development zone of Shenyang area,China

In China, local governments of many areas prefer to give priority to the development of heavy industrial clusters in pursuit of high value of gross domestic production (GDP) growth to get political achievements, which usually results in higher costs from ecological degradation and environmental pollution. Therefore, effective methods and reasonable evaluation system are urgently needed to evaluate the overall efficiency of industrial clusters. Emergy methods links economic and ecological systems together, which can evaluate the contribution of ecological products and services as well as the load placed on environmental systems. This method has been successfully applied in many case studies of ecosystem but seldom in industrial clusters. This study applied the methodology of emergy analysis to perform the efficiency of industrial clusters through a series of emergy-based indices as well as the proposed indicators. A case study of Shenyang Economic Technological Development Area (SETDA) was investigated to show the emergy method’s practical potential to evaluate industrial clusters to inform environmental policy making. The results of our study showed that the industrial cluster of electric equipment and electronic manufacturing produced the most economic value and had the highest efficiency of energy utilization among the four industrial clusters. However, the sustainability index of the industrial cluster of food and beverage processing was better than the other industrial clusters.     

突变灰盖鬼伞过氧化物酶降解刚果红的响应面法优化分析

酶法降解偶氮染料刚果红是一个复杂的过程,受温度、pH、酶量、刚果红浓度和双氧水浓度显著影响。为研究各因素及因素间交互作用对刚果红降解影响,提高刚果红的降解率,分别使用单因素法和响应面分析法对刚果红降解条件进行了优化。单因素实验结果显示灰盖鬼伞过氧化物酶降解刚果红的最适条件为：pH5．0、32℃、酶量4．98u、双氧水0．1mmol／L、刚果红20mg／L,此时刚果红最高降解率为34．84％。然后选双氧水浓度、刚果红浓度和灰盖鬼伞过氧化物酶量作为3个因素,通过中心组合设计实验,用响应面法对刚果红降解进行优化分析,最后得到一个拟合度良好的二次多项方程模型（R2=0．9900）。方差分析结果显示,刚果红浓度和酶量是影响最显著的因素,双氧水与酶以及染料与酶之间的交互作用极显著。响应面分析优化后的反应体系为：双氧水浓度0．15mmol／L,刚果红浓度为27．21mg／L,酶为2．07U,在此条件下,刚果红降解率达58．13％。     

改性矿物吸附法和 O3氧化法对维生素 B12废水脱色处理简

采用改性矿物吸附法和O₃氧化法对某制药厂维生素B₁₂废水进行脱色处理。以废水色度去除率大于50%为目的,通过实验确定改性矿物吸附法和O₃氧化法处理维生素B₁₂废水的最佳工艺条件：废水的pH为3.00,有机化膨润土的投加量为5 g/L,PAC的投加量为6 g/L,投加有机化膨润土后搅拌时间为30 min时,废水的色度去除率可达到51.3%,处理成本为12.85元/t。O₃氧化法的最佳条件：废水的pH保持不变,O₃流量为5 g/h,反应时间为2 min,废水的色度去除率可达到68.8%,处理成本为0.96元/t。对比这2种方法,O₃氧化法处理该废水成本更低、效率更高,并且能提高废水的可生化性以便后续处理。     

面向国土空间规划实施监督的监测评估预警模型体系研究

国土空间规划监测评估预警是监督规划实施管理、保障规划实施成效的重要手段,也是实现“可感知、能学习、善治理、自适应”智慧规划转型的关键支撑。针对当前国土空间规划监测评估预警研究重机制、轻理论,以及缺乏一套科学可用的监测评估预警技术方法支撑的不足,在系统分析国土空间规划监测评估预警目标与内涵的基础上,构建以人工智能（Artificial Intelligence）、大数据（Big Data）、云计算（Cloud Computing）等新型信息技术(“ABC”技术）为支撑,覆盖国土空间规划“监测—评估—预警”业务全生命周期的应用模型体系,并结合信息系统建设案例,介绍了基于“ABC”技术的国土空间规划监测评估预警模型体系对实现各地国土空间规划“动态监测、精准评估、及时预警”的重要支撑作用。     

某大型焦化企业污染场地中多环芳烃空间分布的分异性特征

以我国某大型焦化企业污染场地为研究对象,应用非参数地统计学中指示克里格方法对场地中0～50 cm深度土壤的多环芳烃（PAHs）空间分布进行污染概率分析,并绘制在设定阈值条件下的概率分布图.结果表明,对采样样点数据进行指示转换后,可获取较为稳健的指示半变异函数,但由于样本的空间变异原因,导致样本间空间相关性差;所研究的4种PAHs污染概率在空间分布上具有相似性,概率超过45%的区域主要分布于炼焦、煤气净化、焦油化产品回收等生产工艺的车间中,位于厂区的中部及西北和东南,污染较为严重;概率〈45%的区域主要分布在备煤和煤气净化等生产工艺车间,位于厂区西南和东北区域.污染概率预测结果与该场地污染源的产生和分布状况相一致.研究结果对后续的污染场地修复治理范围确定和土方量估算提供了重要参考。     

荥阳地震台背景干扰及处理

利用荥阳地震台形变资料,对自然因素、人为影响、停电以及其他仪器故障等各种干扰事件进行了总结,分析了其影响幅度及机理,为利用形变资料识别并消除干扰、准确捕捉地震短临异常提供了可借鉴的依据。