The construction and examination of social vulnerability and its effects on PM2.5 globally: combining spatial econometric modeling and geographically weighted regression

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is of widespread concern, as it poses a serious impact on economic development and human health. Although the...     

Effects of DOM characteristics from real wastewater on the degradation of pharmaceutically active compounds by the UV/H2O2 process

The characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) can significantly affect the degradation of target compounds by the advanced oxidation processes. In this study, the effects of the different hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity fractions, molecular weight (MW) fractions, fluorescence components and molecular components of DOM extracted from municipal wastewater on the degradation of 4 pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), including carbamazepine, clofibric acid, atenolol and erythromycin by the UV/H₂O₂ process were investigated. The results showed that the degradation rate constants of 4 PhACs decreased dramatically in the presence of DOM. The linear regressions of 4 PhACs degradation as a function of specific fluorescence intensity (SFI) are exhibited during the degradation of 4 PhACs and the SFI may be used to evaluate effect of DOM on target compounds in wastewater. The hydrophobic acid (HPO-A) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on degradation of 4 PhACs during oxidation process. The small MW fractions of DOM significantly inhibited the degradation of 4 PhACs during oxidation process. Among three fluorescence components, hydrophobic humic-like substances may significantly inhibit the degradation of 4 PhACs during oxidation process. At the molecular level, the formulas may be derived from terrestrial sources. CHO compound may significantly inhibit the degradation of 4 PhACs during oxidation process on formula classes. The unsaturated hydrocarbons, carbohydrates and tannins compounds may significantly inhibit the effectiveness of the UV/H₂O₂ process on compound classes.     

Characterization and assessment of contaminated soil and groundwater at an organic chemical plant site in Chongqing,Southwest China

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Contamination from organic chemical plants can cause serious pollution of soil and groundwater ecosystems. To characterize soil contamination and to evaluate...     

苯乙烯聚合紧急泄放动态模拟与工程优化

针对苯乙烯聚合飞温泄放无完善理论模型、经验公式计算不准确问题,构建了苯乙烯聚合反应紧急泄放理论模型,通过动态模拟软件DYNSIM模拟火灾和聚合反应飞温对苯乙烯系统泄放的影响.结果表明,对于火灾引发苯乙烯紧急泄放,理论模型能够准确计算泄放量,并通过动态模拟及防火保温措施有效降低总体泄放量,合理构建优化安全泄放管网,提高工业生产经济性.     

活性和非活性海藻吸附重金属的研究

用藻类处理重金属废水是最有效的生物吸附法之一,也是近年来被广泛关注的水处理技术。重点研究了活性海藻和非活性海藻吸附重金属的机理,并简述了海藻的预处理方式及固定化稳定化在吸附过程中的作用,浅述了几种常见的吸附模型及应用,分析了藻类吸附重金属存在的问题以及今后研究方向。     

柴达木盆地达布逊盐湖微生物多样性研究

本研究采用高通量测序与传统培养技术相结合的方式研究达布逊湖微生物的多样性。结果显示,达布逊盐湖中的细菌多样性与丰度远高于古菌。高通量测序所得的16SrRNA基因序列分别归属广古菌门(Euryarchaeota),放线菌门(Actinobacteria),拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)。广古菌门序列占原核微生物(细菌与古菌之和)的5.5%,以嗜盐的盐杆菌科(Halobacteriaceae)为主,而属于放线菌门、拟杆菌门、变形菌门和疣微菌门的细菌序列分别占原核微生物的53.0%、25.8%、14.1%和1.6%。定量PCR结果显示,达布逊盐湖水体中的细菌和古菌16S rRNA基因丰度分别为3.27×107和4.35×104拷贝/毫升。培养分离获得的纯细菌菌株分别属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)。古菌菌株则分别属于盐杆菌科的盐盒菌属(Haloarcula)、盐红菌属(Halorubrum)和盐棍菌属(Halorhabdus)。本研究为青藏高原盐湖微生物资源的开发和利用提供了有利的数据支持。     

Land Use-Based Landscape Planning and Restoration in Mine Closure Areas

Landscape planning and restoration in mine closure areas is not only an inevitable choice to sustain mining areas but also an important path to maximize landscape resources and to improve ecological function in mine closure areas. The analysis of the present mine development shows that many mines are unavoidably facing closures in China. This paper analyzes the periodic impact of mining activities on landscapes and then proposes planning concepts and principles. According to the landscape characteristics in mine closure areas, this paper classifies available landscape resources in mine closure areas into the landscape for restoration, for limited restoration and for protection, and then summarizes directions for their uses. This paper establishes the framework of spatial control planning and design of landscape elements from “macro control, medium allocation and micro optimization” for the purpose of managing and using this kind of special landscape resources. Finally, this paper applies the theories and methods to a case study in Wu’an from two aspects: the construction of a sustainable land-use pattern on a large scale and the optimized allocation of typical mine landscape resources on a small scale.     

吐纳麝香与镉联合暴露对赤子爱胜蚓体内谷胱甘肽与金属硫蛋白的影响

广泛应用于个人护理产品和香味添加剂中的吐纳麝香(6-乙酰基-1,1,2,4,4,7-六甲基四氢萘,AHTN)是一种新型污染物,重金属镉(Cd2+)是土壤中常见的污染物,两者在土壤生态系统中存在联合暴露的可能。实验以赤子爱胜蚓为受试生物,通过24h暴露滤纸染毒实验测试了AHTN单一,Cd2+单一,以及AHTN与Cd2+联合暴露条件下蚯蚓体内谷胱甘肽(GSH)和金属硫蛋白(MT)的变化趋势。结果显示:Cd2+单一暴露时,GSH与MT随Cd剂量增加有明显上升趋势;AHTN单一暴露时,随着AHTN剂量增加,GSH与MT同步呈现先增多后减少的趋势;联合暴露情况下,AHTN在高剂量下对MT与GSH同样产生了抑制作用,使Cd2+对MT的诱导未达到Cd2+单一染毒时的水平。