天然矿物固硫剂及其对煤粉燃烧的影响

选取CaCO₃、Ca(OH)₂质量配比＝3∶2作为主固硫剂,用钙基固硫剂质量的2％的Na₂CO₃对其改性,利用蛭石作为固硫添加剂。在Ca/S＝2.25的情况下,通过固硫实验考察了主固硫剂以及添加剂的加入对固硫率的影响。实验结果表明,煤粉掺入该固硫剂在950℃下燃烧0.5 h,固硫率可以达到85％。还对添加不同固硫剂的煤粉进行热重实验,分析其对煤粉燃烧特性及动力学参数的影响。结果表明,固硫添加剂的加入不但能提高固硫率,还有利于煤的燃烧,减少灰渣的处理量。     

Measurement and modeling of O3 variability in Shanghai,China: Application of the WRF-Chem model

Since 2005, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau (SMB) has established an observational network for measuring VOC, NO_x, O₃ and aerosols in the Shanghai region. In this study, a rapid O₃ changes from Aug/02/2007 to Aug/11/2007 was observed in the region. During this 10 day period, the noontime O₃ maximum decreased from 100 to 130 ppbv to about 20–30 ppbv. In order to analyze the processes in controlling this rapid change of O₃ during this short period, a newly developed regional chemical/dynamical model (WRF-Chem) is applied to study O₃ variability in the Shanghai region. The model performances are evaluated by comparing the model calculation to the measurement. The result shows that the calculated magnitudes and diurnal variations of O₃ are close to the measured results in city sites, but are underestimated at a rural petroleum industrial site, suggesting that the emissions from petroleum factories around this rural site are significantly underestimated and need to be improved. The calculated rapid changes of O₃ concentrations, O₃ precursors, and aerosols are consistent with the measured results, suggesting that the model is suitable to study the causes of this rapid O₃ change. The model analysis indicates that weather conditions play important roles in controlling the surface O₃ in the Shanghai region. During summer, there is a persistent sub-tropical high pressure system (SUBH) in southeast of Shanghai over Pacific Ocean. During the earlier time of the period (Aug/02–Aug/05), the SUBH system was weak, resulting in weak surface winds. With the calm winds, a noticeable noontime sea-breeze produced an inflow from ocean to land, generating a cycling pattern of wind directions. As a result, the high O₃ concentrations were trapped in the Shanghai region, with a maximum concentration of 100–130 ppbv. By contrast, during the later time of the period (Aug/06–Aug/11), the SUBH was enhanced, resulting in strong surface winds. The high O₃ concentrations formed in the city were rapidly transported to the downwind region of the city, resulting in low O₃ concentrations in the Shanghai region. This study illustrates that the WRF-Chem model is a useful tool for studying the high variability of O₃ concentrations in Shanghai, which has important implication for the prediction of high O₃ concentration events in the city.     

畜禽废水处理技术及其应用进展

针对我国养殖业废水污染日益严重的现状,介绍了畜禽废水还田利用、自然处理以及工业化处理的优缺点、国内外应用现状以及研究的重点,并结合我国的实际情况,提出现阶段我国养殖业废水应重点发展还田利用技术与自然处理技术,并及时建立畜禽废水处理设计数据库以及编写设计规范。     

从微生物指标中看我国肉类食品安全状况

从食品微生物指标：菌落总数、大肠菌群和致病菌三项入手,对我国肉类食品的微生物指标检测情况及其产品质量进行分析。在我国政府的有力监管下,肉类食品产品质量与安全有了大幅度提高。由此展望,21世纪,绿色肉类产品由于其健康、质量、安全、方便将成为消费主流和今后的发展趋势。     

基于空间信息的露天矿区排土场土地复垦成本计算

使用Map Objects组件和Ⅶ语言,对露天矿区排土场土地复垦的成本构成及计算进行了系统设计,系统包括排土场土地复垦成本计算和排土场空间地理信息管理两大功能。以安太堡露天煤矿为例,建立了成本计算系统,为露天矿区排土场土地复垦的成本计算提供了重要手段,提高了排土场空间信息管理工作的效率。     

某焦化场地苯并(a)芘污染空间分布范围预测的不确定性分析

针对目前我国大型工业污染场地调查和污染范围确定过程中的不确定性,以我国某焦化场地为研究对象,选择场地中的特征性污染物苯并(a)芘,分别采用反距离加权模型、Johnson数据正态变换后的普通克里格模型及数据拆分后的组合预测模型,参照北京市污染场地土壤筛选值标准,将大于规定标准0.4 mg·kg-1的区域界定为污染范围,系统阐述空间插值模型对污染范围界定结果的不确定性影响.结果显示,3种插值模型界定的污染范围分别占场地总面积的70.15％、44.78％和57.06％,数据拆分后的组合预测模型插值精度最高,插值结果能较真实地反映场地实际污染情况,通过创建的预测标准误差图显示,预测标准误差大的区域主要集中在污染场地中样点较为稀疏的右上位置和有高值点的中下部区域.本研究结果对分析污染范围界定结果的不确定性和修复治理范围的确定提供了重要参考.     

能源型城市低碳转型分析——以淮南市为例

本文以淮南市为例,从产业结构、能源生产与消费、碳排放状况等方面,阐述淮南市低碳转型的背景状况,分析低碳转型发展的必要性、重点领域和发展方向、关键技术和方法、低碳城市的基础设施建设等,并讨论了淮南市低碳转型发展的保障措施。     

高含水率有机垃圾资源化处置对策

高含水率有机垃圾主要为城镇菜场垃圾、餐馆饮食业垃圾、家庭厨房垃圾和果品市场的瓜果皮等食物类垃圾，具有含水率高、易腐烂、营养元素丰富、有害物质少等特征，既易于专业收集，又易于厌氧发酵处理，可全部实现无害化和创造经济效果。应重视收集处理和综合利用高含水率有机垃圾的专门技术，减少垃圾填埋的数量、节省占地和保护环境。     

沿海丘陵地形区域大气环境质量预测模式体系

介绍了一套适合沿海丘陵地形条件的区域大气环境质量预测体系,它主要由局地扩散模式（ＨＰＤＭ模式,Ｍｉｓｒａ模式）、中尺度气象场模式和区域扩散模式（分段烟流模式）组成,该系统具有较快的计算速度。同时文章对气象场模式中所采用的三维准静力动力学模型在地形追随坐标下的形式进行了较完整的描述,对变换后湍流扩散项的近似取舍进行讨论并且对传统的分段烟流模式的分段烟流作了连续性定义的改进。     

有关化工石化建设项目环境风险评价技术评估的探讨

根据国家化工石化行业建设项目加强环境风险评价的主要规定,结合化工石化行业建设项目特点及环境影响技术评估,反思化工石化项目评价及评估工作,重点从环境风险评价方面,对进一步完善环境风险评价与防范的后评估,从严建设项目技术评估与环境管理等进行了初步探讨,目的是为建设项目环境影响技术评估和环境管理提供参考。