基于VA One船舶舱室动力设备空气噪声控制分析

目的研究舱室间壁板不同约束条件及不同敷设方式对隔声量的影响。方法用VA One建立两个舱室的统计能量分析(Statistical Energy Analysis,SEA)模型,对约束阻尼结构和自由阻尼结构的隔声性能进行分析。针对约束阻尼结构,讨论其两侧金属层厚度差对整个壁板的隔声性能的影响;对自由阻尼结构,分析金属层与阻尼层之间的相对位置对其隔声性能影响。结果约束阻尼结构隔声量A计权声压级比自由阻尼结构高。结论阻尼层厚度和壁板总厚度一定时,自由阻尼结构金属层与阻尼层之间的相对位置对实际的隔声性能并没有影响;约束阻尼结构,两侧金属层等厚敷设时,其隔声效果最优,且两侧厚度差越大隔声量越小。     

磁性氧化石墨处理乳化含油废水及磁致增强效应

以高铁酸钾为氧化剂,基于改进Hummers法制备了新型磁性氧化石墨材料,在SEM、FTIR、氮气吸脱附和表面接触角表征基础上,探究了该材料处理乳化含油废水的效果及磁致增强效应.结果表明：相较于石墨,磁性氧化石墨比表面积增大,表面有卷曲结构并负载着Fe₃O₄颗粒,具有含氧官能团,存在疏水性较强的微观孔隙结构.在外加磁场条件下,磁性氧化石墨团聚,形成疏水性宏观孔隙结构,利于乳化油滴的吸附和附着.磁性氧化石墨处理乳化含油废水的能力远好于石墨与粉末活性炭,且处理效率与磁场强度成正相关,COD去除率可达95%以上.使用后的磁性氧化石墨进行溶剂萃取或热处理,可以循环使用.磁性氧化石墨经过4次循环使用,热再生效率为92%,溶剂萃取再生效率为86%.以上研究为乳化含油废水的处理提供了一种有效的方法.     

泉州市不同功能区土壤铅同位素组成及其来源分析

为查明泉州市土壤铅的污染来源,采集了泉州市不同功能区表层(O～20cm)土壤及城市环境污染端元(燃煤尘、汽车尾气尘、污泥)样品.采用ICP-MS测定土壤Pb含量,用热电质谱仪测定各样品的铅同位素组成.分析结果表明,泉州市不同功能区表层土壤已受到一定程度铅污染;泉州市土壤铅同位素208 Pb/(207+206)Pb和206Pb/207 Pb比值变化较大,分别为1.0769～ 1.1486和1.1150～1.2142;泉州市区各端元组分铅同位素组成差别比较大,可以有效示踪和鉴别泉州市区环境铅的污染来源.运用铅同位素示踪技术追踪土壤铅的污染来源结果表明,泉州市区土壤总铅同位素和可溶相铅同位素组成变化较大,土壤中铅来源较为复杂.交通繁忙区土壤铅污染主要来源于汽车尾气排放,农业区土壤铅主要来源于城市污泥与当地土壤背景,商业区土壤铅主要来源于城市污泥与燃煤尘及其煤渣的排放,居民区土壤铅污染主要受城市污泥与汽车尾气排放影响.     

闽西南土壤-水稻系统重金属生物可给性及健康风险

结合简单的生物可给性提取法(SBET)与健康风险评价模型,研究了闽西南农田土壤-水稻系统中重金属的生物可给性及健康风险.结果表明,闽西南农田土壤和稻米中部分重金属已存在富集.土壤中Cd、Zn、Pb和Cu含量分别在32.4％、15.5％、14.1％和12.7％的区域超过农用地土壤污染风险筛选值(GB 15618-2018...     

基于稳定氢同位素的太原市大气单环芳烃来源

采集太原市城北和城南区域环境空气和5类污染源挥发性有机物样品,测定样品中典型单环芳烃稳定氢同位素（δD）组成,基于同位素质量平衡原理计算单环芳烃从源到环境空气受体的δD初始混合值,探讨单环芳烃来源.结果表明,柴油挥发源、溶剂挥发源、汽油挥发源（97^#）、汽油挥发源（95^#）、机动车尾气（97^#）、机动车尾气（95^#）和民用燃煤源中单环芳烃δD范围依次为：（-138.7‰~-115.5‰）、（-147.0‰~-121.0‰）、（-150.8‰~-117.6‰）、（-131.8‰~-113.8‰）、（-171.2‰~-120.0‰）、（-138.9‰~-102.7‰）和（-168.3‰~-142.3‰）,民用燃煤源中单环芳烃δD显著贫重氢同位素（D）组成,机动车尾气源与汽油挥发源中苯的δD相比显著贫D,可用于探索污染物转化过程;城北和城南环境空气中δD范围为（-131.7‰~-115.1‰）和（-131.9‰~-74.9‰）,δD初始混合值为-138.4‰和-173.9‰,体现了其来源差异.     

海水中阴极极化对X80钢应力腐蚀及氢脆敏感性的影响

目的研究不同p H值海水中阴极极化对X80管线钢应力腐蚀及氢脆的抑制作用。方法采用慢应变速率拉伸试验、电化学测试、微观组织观察等分析方法。结果 X80钢在天然海水中的析氢电位约为-940m V(vs.SCE,下同),海水p H为3.5时析氢电位发生正移。其应力腐蚀敏感性与极化电位有很大关系,随着极化电位负移,X80钢的氢脆敏感性增加。天然海水中当极化电位负于-950 m V时,断口出现准解理断裂特征形貌。在-1050 m V极化电位下,钢材进入氢脆断裂区发生脆性断裂。海水p H为3.5时,-900 m V钢材有发生氢脆的危险。结论与天然海水相比,X80钢在p H为3.5的酸性海水中具有较高的应力腐蚀敏感性,两种海水介质中X80钢的应力腐蚀敏感性均随极化电位负移而增加。     

Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in some agricultural, industrial and urban areas along Xiamen coastal waters, China

An intensive investigation was conducted to study the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）, to show firstly the level of pollution in the agricultural areas and analyses specifically the status of soil polluted by these persistent pollutants in some locations of Xiamen region. Soil samples collected from Jiulong agricultural catchment have been analysed for 16 PAH compounds, using gas chromatography flame ionization detection in order to determine the level of selected PAH components and to identify the factors that may control their distribution and persistence in the area. The main PAHs found in soil samples were the low molecular weight. The total PAHs detected in soil samples ranged from 0.50 to 0.95 μg/g soil. The highest values of PAHs were significantly detected in the orange tree leaves, which range from 236.1 to 249.3 μg/g soil showing recent atmospheric inputs of these volatile pollutants. The distribution of PAHs in vegetable were monitored and indicating that the concentration were high and ranged from 8.24 to 58.87 μg/g. Other sediment samples were also collected and analysed from urban sewage （5.26 μg/g dw）, aquacultural （0.52 μg/g dw） and industrial areas （from 0.62 to 2.09 μg/g dw）, during this investigation. The contamination of Jiulong river estuary and Xiamen Western Sea by PAHs has been then widely justified by wastcwatcr discharges and soil runoffs from these areas. The results, therefore, provide important information on the current contamination status caused by the atmospheric transport and point to the need for urgent actions to stop the release of these hydrocarbons to the environment. The necessity of implementing systematic monitoring of PAHs is also emphasized.     

钛基修饰电极催化电解去除水中硝酸盐氮的研究

利用热分解法制备CuO修饰Ti基阴极和SnO2-Sb2O5修饰Ti基阳极,组成无隔膜电解体系,以模拟废水(NO3--N 50mg/L)为对象,进行了水中NO3--N去除实验研究.结果数据表明,CuO修饰Ti基阴极对水中NO3--N的去除率随电流密度、极板间距、搅拌强度和电解时间增加而增加,在电流密度10mA/cm2、极板间距9mm、中等搅拌强度下电解150min,NO3--N催化还原去除率可达93.8%.Cl-支持电解可使NO3--N催化还原产物NH4+-N氧化为N2-N去除.在电流密度10mA/cm2、极板间距9mm、NaCl添加量600mg/L、中等搅拌强度下电解120min后,NO3--N和TN的去除率达到89.3%和86.9%,NO2--N和NH4+-N未检出.分析认为NO3--N还原机制为NOx中O被阴极表面Cu吸附固定,N—O键受氢攻击破坏,逐步还原.阳极电解Cl-生成HOCl,HOCl氧化NH4+-N成N2-N.     

Pollutants removal and simulation model of combined membrane process forwastewater treatment and reuse in submarine cabin for long voyage

A laboratory scale test was conducted in a combined membrane process (CMP) with a capacity of 2.91 m3/d for 240 d totreat the mixed wastewater of humidity condensate, hygiene wastewater and urine in submarine cabin during prolonged voyage.Removal performance of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), turbidity and anionic surfactants (LAS)was investigated under di erent conditions. It was observed that the e uent COD, NH4+-N, turbidity and LAS flocculated in ranges of0.19–0.85 mg/L, 0.03–0.18 mg/L, 0.0–0.15 NTU and 0.0–0.05 mg/L, respectively in spite of considerable fluctuation in correspondinginfluent of 2120–5350 mg/L, 79.5–129.3 mg/L, 110–181.1NTU and 4.9–5.4 mg/L. The e uent quality of the CMP could meet therequirements of mechanical water and hygiene water according to the class I water quality standards in China (GB3838-2002). Theremoval rates of COD, NH4+-N, turbidity and LAS removed in the MBR were more than 90%, which indicated that biodegradationis indispensable and plays a major role in the wastewater treatment and reuse. A model, built on the back propagation neural network(BPNN) theory, was developed for the simulation of CMP and produced high reliability. The average error of COD and NH4+-N was5.14% and 6.20%, respectively, and the root mean squared error of turbidity and LAS was 2.76% and 1.41%, respectively. The resultsindicated that the model well fitted the laboratory data, and was able to simulate the removal of COD, NH4+-N, turbidity and LAS. Italso suggested that the model proposed could reflect and manage the operation of CMP for the treatment of the mixed wastewaters insubmarine.     

南京市内河道沉积物中重金属元素形态及Pb稳定同位素组成

采集南京市居住和商业区内的河道沉积物,研究重金属元素的形态分布及Pb稳定同位素组成,探讨城市河道沉积物中重金属的迁移潜力和推断污染特征. 沉积物中重金属改良的BCR三步顺序提取研究表明,沉积物中Cd和Zn主要分布于酸溶态;Pb和Cu主要分布于可氧化态;Ni和Cr主要分布于残渣态. Cd和Zn的环境效应最值得关注,而Ni和Cr环境影响最小. 沉积物中m(208Pb)/m(206Pb)和m(206Pb)/m(207Pb)分别为2.102 4～2.123 9和1.159 3～1.184 5. 居住和商业区内的河道沉积物Pb稳定同位素组成相近,具有相似污染源. 居住和商业区内沉积物的Pb稳定同位素比率与文献中南京大气、城市土壤Pb稳定比率相似,因而河道沉积物重金属富集与城市重金属污染密切相关.