Combined toxicity of copper and cadmium to six rice genotypes （Oryza sativa L.）

Accumulation of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) in six rice cultivars (94D-22, 94D-54, 94D-64, Gui630, YY-1 and KY1360) was evaluated through exposure to heavy metal contamination (100 mg/kg Cu, 1.0 mg/kg Cd, and 100 mg/kg Cu + 1.0 mg/kg Cd) in a greenhouse. The dry weight of shoot and root, concentrations of Cu and Cd in plant tissues and the Cu, Cd, P, Fe concentrations in the root surface iron plaques were analyzed eight weeks later after treatment. The results indicated that the plant biomass was mainly determined by rice genotypes, not Cu and Cd content in soil. Separated treatment with Cu/Cd increased each metal level in shoot, root and iron plaques. Soil Cu enhanced Cd accumulation in tissues. In contrast, Cu concentrations in shoot and root was unaffected by soil Cd. Compared to single metal contamination, combined treatment increased Cd content by 110.6%, 77.0% and 45.2% in shoot, and by 112.7%, 51.2% and 18.4% in root for Gui630, YY-1 and KY1360, respectively. The content level of Cu or Cd in root surface iron plaques was not affected by their soil content. Cu promoted Fe accumulation in iron plaques, while Cd has no effect on P and Fe accumulation in it. The translocation of Cu and Cd from iron plaques to root and shoot was also discussed. These results might be beneficial in selecting cultivars with low heavy metal accumulation and designing strategies for soil bioremediation.     

磁化-厌氧生物降解有机物的影响机理分析

磁化对好氧生物降解有机物的研究较多,文章在厌氧条件下,采用不同磁场强度,对不同种类的有机污水进行实验分析;结果表明,在厌氧条件下,磁处理对提高水中有机物分解更为显著;在实验的基础上,分析了磁处理对厌氧生物降解有机物的影响因素,并探讨了磁化-厌氧生物降解有机物的机理。     

紫外线消毒后微生物的光复活特性及其评价方法

随着紫外线消毒技术应用的日益广泛,污水紫外线消毒后微生物的光复活特性值得关注。文章综述了光复活的机理、具有光复活能力的微生物种类、影响光复活的因素以及光复活的评价方式等,以期为系统研究光复活提供参考。具有复活能力的微生物种类较多,主要和体内所含光复活酶相关。影响光复活的因素涉及微生物、污水特性、紫外线系统及光复活条件四方面。评价光复活的方式至今没有统一标准。光复活及其对污水消毒的影响有待进一步深入研究。     

硝基苯污染底质的微生物强化修复研究

采用从污染底质中分离出的可降解硝基苯的恶臭假单胞菌,对硝基苯污染底质的微生物强化修复进行了实验室和现场实验研究.该细菌在未灭菌的河水中可以硝基苯为唯一碳源生长,低温条件下(5℃),对于100g的含有11.8mg/kg硝基苯的污染底质,投加2mL(107cells/mL)菌液可以在4d完全降解底质中的硝基苯,实现对污染底质的强化修复.该过程中无须投加额外的氮、磷及其他的营养盐,说明污染底质中含有足够的细菌生长所需的营养物质.在使用河水和底质的现场实验中,当底质和河水中的硝基苯初始浓度在7～8mg/kg,50～61mg/L之间时,投加硝基苯降解菌可使底质和河水中硝基苯的降解时间缩短了40h以上,河水中的硝基苯先于底质中的硝基苯被细菌所降解.     

利用样表提升建设项目环境审批窗口办公效率初探

本文通过对行政审批环保窗口现状分析及利用样本提升江苏省宿迁市环保审批窗口办公效率的研究,详细说明了将建设项目环境影响申报登记样表投入窗口办公的必要性、功能性和样表使用方法.     

报废电冰箱的环保处理技术

介绍一种处理报废电冰箱的技术。首先对报废电冰箱进行分解,包括制冷剂回收、压缩机拆卸、散热系统和蒸发系统拆卸、箱体箱门钢板拆卸、箱体内胆拆卸、门衬拆卸和绝热泡沫剥离等。然后对于拆出的材料作进一步处理,钢板、管材经平整或矫直裁剪之后作为旧板材或旧管材;内胆和门衬破碎后作为注塑材料使用;压缩机组经专业检测、修复再利用或作为冶金炉料使用。聚氨酯泡沫需经分离回收R11处理,处理工艺路线包括泡沫粉碎、发泡剂蒸发、混合气收集、除尘、储气、压缩、冷凝、节流以及发泡剂与空气的分离;工艺参数涉及主要工艺环节的热力学计算,包括破碎后的泡沫中的R11发泡剂的蒸发吸热、混合气压缩功耗、冷凝过程的散热。同时还介绍了应用发泡胶接法的聚氨酯硬泡沫碎屑再成型技术。采用该工艺处理报废电冰箱,具有拆解物利用价值高、处理过程能耗低、便于分拣、设备造价低等优点,适合我国国情。     

淡水高等水生植物对浮游藻类化感作用评述

如何有效地去除富营养化水体中频繁出现的藻华,已成为水环境治理中的一个迫切需要解决的问题。本文介绍了植物化感抑藻领域的研究现状,归纳总结了具有抑藻活性的水生植物种类;讨论了水生植物释放的化感物质及其特性;阐述了环境因素对水生植物化感抑藻作用的影响;指出目前水生植物化感抑藻研究中存在的问题,并提出了展望。     

数控碟式液限仪的研制与应用

研制了一种与手动碟式液限仪基本原理一致的数控碟式液限仪,它是在手动碟式液限仪上设计安装了标准击打速率等若干数控电路,从而消除了手动碟式液限仪人工操作容易产生的误差,且样机结构设计及使用性能均能达到预定设计目标;经数控碟式液限仪与手动碟式液限仪的对比试验显示,数控碟式液限仪测定黏性土液限指标符合精度要求;该仪器为试验效率的提高、人员操作智能化程度的增强、试验劳动强度的降低创造了有利条件。     

亚甲基蓝分光光度法测定空气中硫化氢不确定度评定

通过对亚甲基蓝分光光度法测定环境空气中硫化氢方法中不确定度来源进行了分析,对各个分量进行详细量化,计算处该分析方法的合成不确定度,给出结果的扩展不确定度。     

Isolation of marine benzo[a]pyrene-degrading Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 and proteins characterization

A bacterial strain BAP5 with a relatively high degradation ability of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was isolated from marine sediments of Xiamen Western Sea, China and identified as Ochrobactrum sp. according to 16S rRNA gene sequence as well as Biolog microbial identification system. Strain BAP5 could grow in mineral salt medium with 50 mg/L of BaP and degrade about 20% BaP after 30 d of incubation. Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 was able to utilize other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (such as phenanthrene, pyrene and fluoranthene) as the sole carbon source and energy source, suggesting its potential application in PAHs bioremediation. The profile of total soluble protein from Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 was also investigated. Some over- and special-expressed proteins of strain BAP5 when incubated with the presence of BaP were detected by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and found to be related with PAHs metabolism, DNA translation, and energy production based on peptide fingerprint analysis through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.