苏里格气田气井现状及钻井泥浆的成分、危害

随着苏里格气田天然气探明储量的增加,气田的开发力度逐渐加大,气田开发带给当地的生态环境问题也在凸显。本文介绍了苏里格气田的现状及钻井泥浆的成分及危害,为减少环境危害提供理论依据。     

城市湿地的生态环境保护问题探讨--以哈尔滨市为例

城市湿地存在于城市区域内或城市边缘地带,与城市的形成和发展息息相关,其生态功能不同于自然湿地。近年来,由于受到人类活动的干扰,城市湿地面临湿地面积缩小、生态系统变脆弱、水体环境受污染、生物多样性被破坏等生态环境保护问题。在调研哈尔滨市城市湿地公园现状的基础上,以哈尔滨市为例,阐述城市湿地的作用和价值,归纳分析了城市湿地主要的生态环境保护问题,提出了哈尔滨市开发建设中加强城市湿地生态环境保护的建议。     

Long-term effects of silver nanoparticles on performance of phosphorus removal in a laboratory-scale vertical flow constructed wetland

Silver nanoparticles(AgNPs) have been widely used in many fields,which raised concerns about potential threats to biological sewage treatment systems.In this study,the phosphorus removal performance,enzymatic activity and microbial population dynamics in constructed wetlands(CWs) were evaluated under a long-term exposure to Ag NPs(0,50,and 200 μg/L) for 450 days.Results have shown that Ag NPs inhibited the phosphorus removal efficiency in a short-term exposure,whereas caused no obviously negative effects from a long-term perspective.Moreover,in the coexisting CW system of Ag NPs and phosphorus,competition exhibited in the initial exposure phase,however,cooperation between them was observed in later phase.Enzymatic activity of acid-phosphatase at the moderate temperature(10–20°C) was visibly higher than that at the high temperature(20–30℃) and CWs with Ag NPs addition had no appreciable differences compared with the control.High-throughput sequencing results indicated that the microbial richness,diversity and composition of CWs were distinctly affected with the extension of exposure time at different Ag NPs levels.However,the phosphorus removal performance of CWs did not decline with the decrease of polyphosphate accumulating organisms(PAOs),which also confirmed that adsorption precipitation was the main way of phosphorus removal in CWs.The study suggested that Ag NPs and phosphorus could be removed synergistically in the coexistence system.This work has some reference for evaluating the influences of Ag NPs on the phosphorus removal and the interrelation between them in CWs.     

Risk assessment of Giardia in rivers of southern China based on continuous monitoring

The occurrence and risks of Giardia in China have been unclear to date, which has made it difficult to properly manage source water as well as to create reasonable drinking water standards. The levels of Giardia in river networks of several cities in Zhejiang Province, China were found to be in the range of 0-5 oocysts/10 L in the rainy season in 2008. The mortality due to Giardia infection for people in this region was calculated to be from 0 to 1.95 × 10^-8 persons using a conditional probability equation. Based on multiple unboiled water intake routes, the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to Giardia infection for people who consumed conventionally treated water was 0.625 (95% CI: 0.137-2.05) per 10⁵ persons, with the symptom of hospitalization making the highest contribution to total DALYs (0.56 per 10⁵ persons; 95% CI: 0.122-1.84). The DALYs decreased to 0.425 (95% CI: 0.137-2.05) per 10⁵ persons per year for those consuming water treated with advanced technology. These values were lower than the acceptable risk (1.97 × 10^-5 DALYs per year). This study revealed the risk of Giardia infection to the people in river networks of Zhejiang Province for the first time, and provides a method to evaluate the risk of Giardia infection. The results are useful for the modification of drinking water quality standards based on cost-benefit analysis.     

Quantifying the characteristics of particulate matters captured by urban plants using an automatic approach

It is widely accepted that urban plant leaves can capture airborne particles. Previous studies on the particle capture capacity of plant leaves have mostly focused on particle mass and/or size distribution. Fewer studies, however, have examined the particle density, and the size and shape characteristics of particles, which may have important implications for evaluating the particle capture efficiency of plants, and identifying the particle sources. In addition, the role of different vegetation types is as yet unclear. Here, we chose three species of different vegetation types, and firstly applied an object-based classification approach to automatically identify the particles from scanning electron microscope(SEM)micrographs. We then quantified the particle capture efficiency, and the major sources of particles were identified. We found(1) Rosa xanthina Lindl(shrub species) had greater retention efficiency than Broussonetia papyrifera(broadleaf species) and Pinus bungeana Zucc.(coniferous species), in terms of particle number and particle area cover.(2) 97.9% of the identified particles had diameter ≤10 μm, and 67.1% of them had diameter ≤2.5 μm. 89.8% of the particles had smooth boundaries, with 23.4% of them being nearly spherical.(3) 32.4%–74.1% of the particles were generated from bare soil and construction activities, and 15.5%–23.0% were mainly from vehicle exhaust and cooking fumes.     

基于高空间分辨率遥感影像的城市绿地提取方法研究

城市绿地是城市生态系统的一个重要子系统,在改善城市环境质量和居民生活水平方面扮演着越来越重要的作用。因此,如何及时获取城市绿地的分布及其变化,对于保护城市生态环境至关重要。本研究提出了一种基于高空间分辨率遥感影像的城市绿地提取方法,并珠海市为研究区域,利用Worldview-2遥感影像进行了城市绿地提取实验。结果表明,城市绿地提取结果比较理想,总体精度为94．09%,Kappa系数为0．94,但建设用地和裸地、城市绿地和建设用地之间仍然容易错分。     

北镇生态市建设的优势与制约因素分析

北镇生态市建设具有基础条件好、生态环境良好和旅游资源丰富等优势;同时也存在一些制约因素,如经济发展水平较低,城市基础设施不完善,农村面源污染较重,以及资金短缺等。通过分析北镇生态市建设的优势和制约因素,以期为其生态市创建工作提供参考。     

自然环境试验信息及其应用

介绍自然环境试验信息的概念和内涵，对其特点，组成和结构进行分析和划分；用简图表示其组成和结构，对所分各类信息的功能，用途，来源以及采集和应用要求进行说明。用实例介绍其应用。     

海面浮油的生物处理技术

文章就海面浮油的产生、危害、发展趋势以及防治技术进行了论述,在海面浮油处理的物理、化学、生物技术中,生物技术具有高效、低费用、无二次污染等优点。特别是处理较薄油膜或化学药品使用受限时,更有其无可替代的优点。同时还指出了生物技术的局限性。