Health and population-dependent effects of ocean acidification on the marine isopod Idotea balthica

Three populations of the grazing isopod Idotea balthica were exposed to high CO₂ treatment for a period of 20 days to investigate the effect of ocean acidification (OA) on animal health and immunocompetence. The results of the populations from more saline habitats were comparable and showed a 60–80 % decrease in immune response as a result of the high CO₂ treatment. Analysis of protein carbonyls showed no treatment effect, indicating that short-term OA does not increase oxidative protein damage. Meanwhile, the third tested population from the lower saline Baltic Sea had higher background protein carbonyl levels. Ocean acidification in addition to this resulted in 100 % mortality. The results of this study show that OA reduced immunocompetence of this marine isopod. In addition, populations and individuals in poor health are potentially at greater risk to succumb under OA.     

聚乙烯醇凝胶包埋固定化细菌联合植物的除氮研究

为了解聚乙烯醇(PVA)凝胶包埋固定化菌在富营养化水体生态修复中的效果,利用PVA凝胶包埋固定硝化和反硝化细菌并联合水芹(Oenanthe clecumbens)和蕹菜(Ipomoea aquatica)2种植物进行21 d的除氮试验。结果表明,加菌试验组TN、NH4+-N、NO3--N、NO2--N及TP去除率显著高于无菌试验组(P0.05);各试验组N的去除效率与添加PVA凝胶包埋固定硝化和反硝化细菌呈显著正相关(P0.05)。添加PVA凝胶固定硝化和反硝化细菌的蕹菜和水芹试验组植物的平均生长速率(RGR)分别为38.5和19.6 mg·g-1·d-1,而单纯蕹菜和水芹试验组RGR分别为29.9和9.5 mg·g-1·d-1。     

Debunking the false dichotomy of leadership idealism and pragmatism: Critical evaluation and support of newer genre leadership theories

Leadership theories have shifted over the last few decades from a focus on managerial functions and economic leader–follower exchanges toward greater focus on the interpersonal dynamics occurring within the leadership process. Theories such as transformational, ethical, authentic, and other “newer genre” theories were created to address neglected topics such as leader vision and inspirational messages, transparency, emotional effects, morality, individualized attention, and intellectual stimulation. Critiques of these theories, however, have been raised. In this paper, we address five of those critiques and argue for the validity and practical effectiveness of the new genre theories. Further, we describe how newer genre leadership research should be viewed as a performative epistemology, entailing a process of co‐creation involving scholars and practitioners. Finally, from this view, we provide general ideas for leader development. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

佛山水道及其支涌复氧试验研究

对几种曝气方式的溶解氧提升情况、充氧动力效率,及COD、氨氮的去除率进行了简单比较,得出微孔雾化曝气和橡胶坝曝气是适合佛山水道及其支涌河流人工复氧的最佳方法.     

炭化秸秆吸磷剂的制备及吸附性能研究

以水稻秸秆为原料,经炭化、KMnO4预氧化和FeSO4溶液改性后,制备得到低成本的改性炭化水稻秸秆（modified carbonized rice straw,MCRS）.采用Zeta电位分析仪、扫描电镜、能谱仪、比表面积分析仪、红外光谱分析仪和X射线衍射分析仪多种手段,分析了炭化水稻秸秆和MCRS的理化性能.通过静态吸附试验研究了吸附剂投加量、pH值和温度对MCRS除磷效果的影响.结果表明：MCRS对磷的吸附是一个吸热过程,其吸附等温线可用Langmuir方程进行拟合.当投加量为4g·L^-1、pH值为7时,MCRS对水溶液中磷的去除率最高可达96％;依据Langmuir方程计算得到,30℃条件下,MCRS对磷的最大吸附量为5.49 mg·g^-1.     

成层土中考虑衰变作用的污染物迁移规律分析

针对一些有机污染物溶质具有衰变的性质以及土质衬里和地基土等存在着成层性的特点,建立了成层土中考虑衰变作用的污染物迁移计算模型,采用分离变量法获得了解析解,编制了相应的程序。通过对典型算例的计算,并与经典的GAEA Pollute软件的计算结果进行了对比分析,两者结果基本一致,证明了所提方法的正确性和可靠性。所提分析方法可供污染物填坑衬里初步设计参考。     

Turbinaria ornata as an herbivory refuge for associate algae

Habitat associations are an integral part of coral reef community structure. Commonly, one organism lives in such close association within or near another that a spatial refuge occurs, whereby one of the organisms provides protection to the other. This is often the result of defenses of the host deterring an associate organism’s consumers. In Moorea, French Polynesia, the range and abundance of the brown macroalga, Turbinaria ornata, have increased drastically since 1980 such that dense aggregations of this macroalga are a dominant component of the backreef habitat. Turbinaria ornata is both mechanically and chemically defended from herbivores. Other species of macroalgae grow within aggregations of Turbinaria and may benefit from these defenses. This study investigates whether aggregations of Turbinaria create a refuge from herbivory for associate macroalgae. When Turbinaria aggregations were removed experimentally, there was a significant increase in the number of associate algal species. Moreover, an herbivory assay using the palatable local alga Acanthophora spicifera identified herbivory as the mechanism for lower diversity on bommies lacking Turbinaria aggregations. The local increase in algal richness due to the refuge from herbivory afforded by Turbinaria may be an important contribution to macroalgal and community dynamics on reefs in Moorea, French Polynesia.     

Location set covering for waste resource recycling centers in Taiwan

The efficiency of Taiwan's waste management and resource recycling systems has been well recognized in recent years, but the present model used to locate recycling centers and to assign collection depots to those centers continues to show low efficiency. To address this issue, the study herein suggests implementing a new location-planning and assignment model to reduce the number of existing recycling centers. Such a reduction would reduce the use of land resources. Moreover, the total transportation distance would decrease through the efficient assignment of collection depots to recycling centers. On the basis of results from previous studies, this study proposes a 2-stage location set covering problem-P-median integrated model that obtains exact solutions using heuristic algorithms on the basis of set operations. The results of numerical analyses show that the model introduced in this study is effective in solving the problems stated above as well as in improving the layout of Taiwan's existing recycling centers.     

国内外环境管制问题研究综述

环境领域越来越多的管制法规引发了人们的极大关注,众多学者从不同角度研究了这些管制措施对经济社会以及世界经济和贸易的影响.系统回顾和梳理了国内外学者围绕环境管制与企业竞争力、国际贸易和国际投资、企业环境战略等方面的研究成果,以期为国内学者提供一些研究思路.     

Person–organization and person–supervisor fits: Employee commitments in a Chinese context

The present study simultaneously examined people's perceptions of person–organization (PO) and person–supervisor (PS) fit and related these perceptions to employees' commitments. Three‐hundred‐and‐sixty employee–supervisor dyads from Taiwanese organizations reported about their PO fit and PS fit perceptions. In addition, supervisors reported about their perceptions of fit and guanxi with each of their employees. Results indicated that PO and PS fit perceptions both had an independent and additive relationship with organizational commitment. The link between employee PS fit perceptions and organizational commitment was mediated by commitment to the supervisor. Both employee and supervisor fit perceptions contributed to commitment to the supervisor through their influence on the quality of the leader‐member exchange (LMX). Guanxi could not explain additional variance in LMX and supervisor commitment. Implications for theory and practices regarding person–environment fit, commitment, and LMX are discussed. The study findings offered suggestions for a new Theory of Multiple Fits. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.