Influences of perfluorooctanoic acid on the aggregation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

The aggregation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the aqueous phase not only inhibits their extensive utilization in various aspects but also dominates their environmental fate and transport.The role of surfactants at low concentration in the aggregation of MWCNTs has been studied,however the effect of perfluorinated surfactants at low concentration is uncertain.To understand this interfacial phenomenon,the influences of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA),and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a control,on MWCNT aggregation in the aqueous phase were examined by the UV absorbency method.Influences of pH and cationic species on the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) value were evaluated.The CCC values were dependent on the concentration of PFOA,however a pronounced effect of SDS concentration on the CCC values was not observed.The CCC values of the MWCNTs were 51.6 mmol/L in NaCl and 0.28 mmol/L in CaCl 2 solutions,which suggested pronounced differences in the effects of Na+ and Ca2+ ions on the aggregation of the MWCNTs.The presence of both PFOA and SDS significantly decreased the CCC values of the MWCNTs in NaCl solution.The aggregation of the MWCNTs took place under acidic conditions and was not notably altered under neutral and alkaline conditions due to the electrostatic repulsion of deprotonated functional groups on the surface of the MWCNTs.     

地质雷达在监测地下水石油烃污染中的应用

随着我国工业迅速发展,石油烃污染威胁地下水安全问题逐渐暴露出来。地质雷达作为一种非破坏性的原位探测技术在国外已广泛应用于地下水监测,由于石油烃在地质雷达图谱上通常显示出高阻异常特征,这为探测地下水中的石油烃污染提供了可能。简述了地质雷达探测石油烃的原理,探测效果的影响因素,并列举了部分国外实例,证实了地质雷达探测地下水石油烃污染的可行性。     

Differences in rheological and fractal properties of conditioned and raw sewage sludge

Rheological tests for raw and conditioned activated sludge(AS) or anaerobic digested sludge(ADS) show that power-law relationships can be used to describe the evolution of several rheological parameters,i.e.,limiting viscosity(η∞),yield stress(τy),cohesion energy of the sludge network(Ec),and storage modulus(G’),with total suspended solid(TSS) content in raw and conditioned sludge.A gel-like structure that behaves similar to weak-link flocs/aggregates was observed in AS and ADS.As derived from the double-logarithmic plots of G’-TSS content,the mass fractal dimensions of the raw and conditioned AS or ADS flocs/aggregates were 2.70 and 2.53 or 2.85 and 2.79,respectively.The rheological tests also indicate that both polymer conditioning and increased TSS content led to improved elastic behavior,cohesion energy,and yield stress of the sludge network,as well as expanded the corresponding linear viscoelastic range.The porosity of AS or ADS flocs/aggregates will be improved by polymer conditioning.     

基于Petri网的井喷事故应急响应系统动态过程建模

井喷事故是石油天然气勘探开发行业主要事故之一,它不仅可造成重大的财产损失,也可造成极其不良的环境破坏和社会影响。本文在对井喷事故应急响应系统组织机构的职责进行分析的基础上,建立了井喷事故应急响应系统的工作流程,并利用Petri网对该系统工作流程进行了动态过程建模,以为井喷事故应急响应系统的优化提供理论基础。     

NBI加速极电源分布电容数值仿真

离子源是中性束注入器（NBI）的核心部件。离子源负载打火期间,储存在电路中的电容储能超过一定阈值,离子源将会受到严重的损坏。通过对NBI电源系统的分析,得出加速极电源的对地电容是电源系统总杂散电容的主要组成部分。直接求解加速极电源的对地分布电容是十分困难的,根据加速极电源的结构布局,采用数值仿真的方法对加速极电源进行建模和求解,得到了加速极脉冲电源100 kV的等效电容大小,为NBI离子源的设计和安全运行提供了重要依据。     

湿地植物对郊区污水中氨氮净化效果的研究

采用实验模拟潜流式人工湿地的方法,通过测定污水中的氨氮指标,研究芦苇、香蒲对污水的净化效果。结果表明：单种芦苇、单种香蒲及芦苇香蒲交叉种植对氨氮的去除率分别为84．45％、72．77％、72．10％。     

紫外分光光度法测定大米中微量元素硒的含量

以市售大米为检测对象,采用凯氏烧瓶消解-紫外分光光度法测定了样品中微量元素硒的含量。结果表明:富硒大米、五常大米、白城大米、泰国香米及龙江县大米的含硒量分别为:0.258、0.054、0.051、0.033、0.045mg/kg(干基)。富硒大米的硒含量明显高于普通大米。标准曲线的相关系数r为0.9998,加标回收率在98.6%～102.7%之间,精密度RSD为2.25%,因此该法具有灵敏度高、稳定性好、工作曲线线性关系好的显著优点,可用于大米中微量元素硒的测定。     

对黑龙江省森工林区小城镇环境规划和管理的探索

首先界定了森工林区小城镇的定义;确定林区小城镇环境规划的技术方法,其中着重介绍了水、气、固体废物的环境预测方法;同时探讨了适用于森工林区的环境规划的原则和主要内容,综合以上几个方面提出针对森工林区小城镇的环境管理,应加强环境规划的合理性与科学性、加快林区环境整体治理、建立林区环境规划管理体系、完善林区小城镇基础设施建设,张显林区特色、突出生态建设。     

地下水环境影响评价导则执行过程中遇到的问题及建议

对中国各地区地下水的水质情况进行了调查,分析了地下水环境管理和保护工作中的问题,指出地下水污染防治工作的重要性、迫切性。对《环境影响评价技术导则地下水环境》(HJ 610-2011)的工作等级划分、环境影响识别、环境现状调查、影响评价及污染防治等内容进行了简要介绍,汇总了评价导则执行后,对各类项目进行地下水评价过程中遇到的困难和问题,并在对各种问题进行分析的基础上,提出了有针对性的解决方法和建议。     

安徽省TJ-Ⅱ型钻孔体应变同震效应分析

描述了安徽省地震局"十一五"期间安装的5套钻孔体应变仪的地质构造特点与钻孔岩芯物理特性,介绍了TJ-Ⅱ体应变仪的运行情况。通过对两次强震活动的同震效应分析,初步探讨了地理、地质构造条件不同的情况下,各观测井对记录应力活动能力强弱的反映。