Analysis on sensitivit and landscape ecological spatial structure of site resources

This article establishes a set of indicators and standards for landscape ecological sensitivity analysis of site resources by using the theories and approaches of landscape ecology.It uses landscape diversity index(H),evenness(E),natural degree(N),contrast degree(C) to study spatial structure and landscape heterogeneity of site resources and thus provides a qualitative-quantitative evaluation method for land planning and management of small ,medium scale areas.The analysis of Yantian District,Shenzhen of China showed that Wutong Mountain belonged to high lanscape ecological sensitivity area,Sanzhoutian Reservoir and Shangping Reservoir were medium landscape sensitivity area and high ecological sensitivity area;Dameisha and Xiaomeisha belonged to medium sensitivity area caused by the decline of natural ecological areas.Shatoujiao,Yantian Pier belonged to low sensitivity area but urban landscape ecological development had reshaped and influenced their landscape ecological roles in a great extent.Suggestions on planning,protection goals an development intensity of each site or district were raised.     

区域水环境生物学评价浅析

本文论述了辽河三角洲区域地面水系浮游植物的种类分布，根据调查获得的生态学资料，探讨了其群落结构特征及其与水体环境质量的关系，运用“Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ—Ｗｅａｖｅｒ多样性指数法”对区域水体质量进行了分类评价，并研究了浮游植物的多样性指数与水质理化污染指标之间的关系．     

城市工业小区噪声现状评价与防治对策研究

对上海工业街坊固定和流动噪声的主要变化和声源强度进行调查和测试，应用ＰＮＩ噪声指数和等级评价方法对该城市工业记噪声进行评价。用数学方法对典型小区和大部分工业街坊的职工和居民的职业病和健康进行分析，并提出减少噪声伤害的若干对策。     

反硝化在土壤及地下水中的净化作用

综述了土壤及地下水系统中反硝化作用的研究进展，详细地介绍了反硝化作用的原理和机制，用以防治地表水和地下水的污染。     

确定区域环境污染成因——HCA-PCA法

把系统聚类分析(简称HCA-hierachical cluster analysis) 和主成分分析方法(简称PCA-Principal Component Analysis)有机结合,从给定的"样品-指标"数据矩阵出发,利用HCA科学判定区域环境污染的类型,然后根据不同的类型利用PCA方法确定首要污染因子,针对首要污染因子,对各个污染途径进行评估,计算出各途径的污染分担率,从而确定区域污染成因.并对其原理、计算方法、特点作出分析和讨论,同时以某城镇水环境为例进行了计算示范.经证实该方法在确定区域环境污染成因,制定区域污染防治措施方面有重要的意义.     

有机气溶胶的来源与形成研究现状

介绍了有机气溶胶来源与形成的研究现状,从有机气溶胶的化学组成特征、一次有机气溶胶的来源和二次有机气溶胶的形成机制论述其研究进展.一次有机气溶胶主要来源于烹调油烟、机动车排放、生物质燃烧、工业或民用燃油锅炉释放出的有机物,还有道路扬尘、沥青、刹车尘、轮胎屑、室外香烟烟雾、以及高等植物蜡、细菌活动和草本植物等.大气中的半挥发性有机物可通过物理和化学吸附形成二次有机气溶胶,一些挥发性有机物可通过气相化学反应转化为低挥发性的物质并形成二次有机气溶胶,其主要前体物是芳香族化合物,如苯、甲苯、二甲苯,以及烯烃、烷烃、环烷烃、萜烯和生物排放的非饱和氧化物.     

PSA处理含氟矿井水的研究

研究了用聚硅酸铝混凝剂处理煤矿含氟矿井水，处理后，氟，ＳＳ和ＣＯＤ的去除率分别为８８％，９８．５％和９６．８％，处理后的水质可用于矿井除尘或生活用水。     

Biogenic VOCs emission inventory development of temperate grassland vegetation in Xilin River basin, Inner Mongolia, China

Given the key role of biogenic volatile organic compounds(VOCs) to tropospheric chemistry and regional air quality, it is important to generate accurateVOCs emission inventories. However, only a less fraction of plant species, in temperate grassland of Inner Mongolia, has been characterized by quantitative measurements. A taxonomic methodology, which assigns VOCs measurements to unmeasured species, is an applicable and inexpensive alternation for extensive VOCs emission survey, although data are needed for additional plant families and genera to further validate the taxonomic approach in grassland vegetation. In this experiment, VOCs emission rates of 178 plant species were measured with a portable photoionization detector( PID). The results showed the most of genera and some families have consistent feature of their VOCs emission, especially for isoprene, and provide the basic premise of taxonomic methodology to develop VOCs emission inventories for temperate grassland. Then, the taxonomic methodology was introduced into assigning emission rate to other 96 species, which no measured emission rates available here. A systematical emission inventory of temperate grassland vegetation in Inner Mongolia was provided and further evidence that taxonomy relationship can serve as a useful guide for generalizing the emissions behavior of many, but not all, plant families and genera to grassland vegetation.     

祁连—柴达木盆地北缘地区石炭系泥岩沉积地球化学特征

详细研究了祁连—柴达木盆地北缘地区石炭系泥岩的微量元素和稀土元素地球化学特征。各微量元素在各剖面及不同层位变化相当复杂 ,但仍有一定规律 ,这种变化与其物源供应和沉积成岩环境有关。各样品稀土总量变化较大 ,以甘肃永昌煤山子剖面总量最高 ;各泥岩样品轻稀土富集 ,Eu负异常 ,δEu介于 0 .4 4～0 .90之间。微量、稀土元素组合及比值的变化 ,显示物源区母岩为花岗岩和玄武岩的混合 ,稀土分布模式显示源岩为粘土岩、花岗岩和中性岩的混合 ,两者示物源一致。元素的丰度及其比值 ,反映当时水介质环境大部分为海相 ,亦有部分为陆相 ,与其它相标志所表征的结果是一致的。     

建设项目实施过程中的可行性研究与环境影响评价

作者根据多年的工作实践，分析了目前建设项目可行性研究与环境影响评价工作中存在的一些问题。提出了编写环境影响评价报告时如何有效地利用建设项目的可行性研究报告文本，以及在没有可行性研究报告的情况下怎样使环境影响评价报告能够准确地反映建设项目的环境问题，进而保证环境影响报告书的质量。总之，恰当处理这两者之间的关系，保证建设项目在建设期与运营期降低与防止建设项目对周边环境影响是本文的主要目的之一。