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51.
Impact of conditions of cultivation and adsorption on antimicrobial activity of marine bacteria 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
E. P. Ivanova D. V. Nicolau N. Yumoto T. Taguchi K. Okamoto Y. Tatsu S. Yoshikawa E P. Ivanova 《Marine Biology》1998,130(3):545-551
The potency of free-living and animal-associated marine bacteria to produce antimicrobial substances has been studied in
491 strains isolated from northern and southern parts of the Pacific Ocean. A total of 26% (126 out of 491) of the strains
examined produced antimicrobial compounds against 11 test bacterial strains (TBS) including the fish pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio anquillarum. Antimicrobial substances (AS) produced by marine bacteria were especially active against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Proteus vulgaris, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans. Twelve strains, isolated from different sources, were chosen as promising candidates, producing a number of AS. Production
of AS varied within 24 to 72 h, increasing in a culture medium based on natural sea water with Br-ions, and after attachment
to polymeric surfaces. In order to study the influence of adsorption, selected strains with a high potential for antimicrobial
production were cultivated on polymeric surfaces with different hydrophobicities and chemical functionalities. These parameters
of the surface hydrophobicity (measured by means of water contact angles) and chemical functionality of the surfaces were
manipulated using the photo- and thermochemistry of a polymeric system (diazo-naphto-quinone/novolak) commonly used as a photoresistant
material in semiconducto-manufacturing. The highest antimicrobial activities occurred on hydrophilic surfaces (standard exposed
photoresistant films), whereas the number of attached cells was greater on hydrophobic surfaces, characterized as unexposed
resistant films. These results suggest that the chemical nature of induced hydrophilicity may also be a major factor in controlling
antimicrobial activity of adsorbed bacteria.
Received: 5 March 1997 / Accepted: 24 August 1997 相似文献
52.
Miyuki Nishiyama Akihiko Sekizawa Kohei Ogawa Hideaki Sawai Hiroaki Nakamura Osamu Samura Nobuhiro Suzumori Setsuko Nakayama Takahiro Yamada Masaki Ogawa Yukiko Katagiri Jun Murotsuki Yoko Okamoto Akira Namba Haruka Hamanoue Masanobu Ogawa Kiyonori Miura Shunichiro Izumi Yoshimasa Kamei Haruhiko Sago 《黑龙江环境通报》2016,36(12):1121-1126
53.
Shangzhong Zhang Kunio Yoshikawa Hideki Nakagome Tohru Kamo 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2012,14(4):294-300
To recover useful metals from end-of-life electronic devices and to convert plastic components from these devices into clean fuel gas, steam gasification of epoxy board samples was carried out at 600–700?°C and 0.1?MPa pressure in the presence of a ternary eutectic carbonate (lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, and potassium carbonate). Hydrogen and carbon dioxide were the main products, and methane and carbon monoxide were detected as minor products. The gasification proceeded in two steps: an initial rapid pyrolysis followed by secondary steam gasification of char produced from the pyrolysis. The ternary eutectic carbonate accelerated not only the latter steam gasification but also the initial rapid pyrolysis. The activation energy for the steam gasification of epoxy board samples in the presence of the carbonate was 122?kJ/mol. 相似文献
54.
Okamoto Y Hayashi T Toda C Ueda K Hashizume K Itoh K Nishikawa J Nishihara T Kojima N 《Chemosphere》2006,64(10):1785-1792
Phthalate esters (PEs) have been suspected to be environmental endocrine disruptors and the detailed mechanism remains unclear. The activities of these chemicals can be enhanced through chemical modification under the environmental conditions. We demonstrate that PEs acquire unequivocal estrogenic activity by light exposure. Through UV exposure of an aqueous PE solution, one active photoproduct, identified as 4-hydroxyPE (PE-4OH) based on its characteristic UV and mass spectra, was detected in an estrogen receptor alpha-dependent transactivation assay. PE-4OH was effectively generated by UV 290 nm. The PE-4OH production accompanied H2O2 generation in a UV dose-dependent manner. Both PE and UV irradiation were indispensable in the generation of H2O2. Addition of H2O2 to the PE solution increased PE-4OH production under UV irradiation. The PE-4OH production was also observed in the PE reaction with the Fenton reagent generating hydroxyl radical without UV irradiation. The proposed mechanism for PE-4OH production based on these results is such that by PE-mediated photosensitization H2O2 is generated from O2 and H+ and decomposed to hydroxyl radical, thus oxidizing the PE benzene ring. The PEs-4OH are remarkably active estrogenic products of PEs and would be involved in ER-mediated endocrine disruption. 相似文献
55.
For the evaluation of pedestrian protection, the European Enhanced Vehicle-Safety Committee Working Group 17 report is now commonly used. In the evaluation of head injuries, the report takes into account only the hood area of the vehicle. But recent pedestrian accident data has shown the injury source for head injury changing to the windshield and A-pillar from the hood. The head contact points are considered to fall on a parallel to the front shape of the vehicle along the lateral direction, but the rigidity of the outer side construction is different from the center area. The purpose of this study is to consider the reason for the change in injury source for recent vehicle models. The head contact points and contact conditions, speed and angle, are thought to be influenced not only by the vehicle's geometry, but also its construction (rigidity). In this study, vehicle-pedestrian impact simulations were calculated with a finite element model for several hitting positions, including the outer side areas. Full dummy sled tests were conducted to confirm the simulation results. These results show that, for impacts at the outer sides of the vehicle, the head contact points are more rearward than at the vehicle center. In addition, the speed and angle of the head contact were found to be influenced by the pedestrian height. 相似文献
56.
Removal of cadmium ion from aqueous solution. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
57.
The photocatalytic degradation of monochlorobenzene using titanium dioxide aqueous suspensions was performed under solar-simulated irradiation. The effects of concentration of monochlorobenzene, amount of titanium dioxide and pH of solution on the degradation were examined. The intermediates identified were three monochlorophenols, chlorohydroquinone and hydroxy-hydroquinone. 相似文献
58.
Genetic stock structure of the swordfish (Xiphias gladius ) inferred by PCR-RFLP analysis of the mitochondrial DNA control region 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed on PCR amplified DNA fragments containing the control
region of the swordfish (Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758) mitochondrial DNA. A total of 456 individuals comprising 13 local samples (six Pacific, three Atlantic, the
Mediterranean Sea, two Indian Ocean and the Cape of Good Hope) were surveyed with four endonucleases (Alu I, Dde I, Hha I and Rsa I), yielding a total of 52 composite genotypes. Within-sample genotypic diversity (H) was high ranging from 0.702 to 0.962 with a value of 0.922 for the pooled sample. Significant geographic variation in the
frequencies of genotypes and restriction patterns was revealed. The Mediterranean sample was highly distinct from all other
samples. Further, Rsa I digestion revealed high levels of polymorphism in all but the Mediterranean samples, indicating that exogenous swordfishes
rarely enter that body of water. Heterogeneity between the North and South Atlantic samples was significant, both of which
differed from those of the Pacific. In contrast, the Indian Ocean samples were not significantly different from the samples
of South Atlantic and Pacific. Genetic differentiation among the Pacific samples was low. The results indicate that the world-wide
swordfish population is genetically structured not only among, but also within ocean basins and suggest that gene flow is
restricted despite the absence of geographic barriers.
Received: 28 August 1996 / Accepted: 2 October 1996 相似文献
59.
Hiroaki WATANABE Hideki NISHI Hiroshi HAMANA Naoyuki SEKIOKA Xiuyun WANG Shunichi UCHIYAMA 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009
Urea decomposes to ammonia and carbon dioxide via carbamic acid, and amine groups can be introduced to the glassy carbon electrode surface during the electrode oxidation of carbamic acid. This modified carbon electrode has excellent catalytic activity of the oxidation of carbamic acid, and can be used to electrooxidize urea by combining urease reaction and electrode oxidation. We found that nitrogen gas is finally produced by the carbamic acid produced from urea. The production of nitrogen was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and fragment pattern of hydrazine was also detected in the electrolyzed solution of urea. We intend to describe new electrochemical conversion system of urea to harmless nitrogen gas. The electrode oxidation current of urea was decreased by addition of radical trapping agent such as DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide), and this fact suggests that carbamic acid radical couples to form nitrogen-nitrogen bond, and this dimer is oxidized to nitrogen. The electrode oxidation current of urea became larger when oxygen was removed. This fact indicates that the intermediate species (probably hydrazine) produced by the electrolysis is oxidized by not only electrode reaction but also oxygen. 相似文献
60.
Shinsuke Tanabe Narayanan Kannan Tadaaki Wakimoto Ryo Tatsukawa Taku Okamoto Yoshito Masuda 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(4):215-231
In the light of new discoveries on the extremely toxic non‐ortho coplanar 3,3’,4,4'‐tetra‐ (T4CB), 3,3’,4,4’,5‐penta‐(P5CB) and 3,3'4,4’,5,5'‐hexachlorobiphenyl (H6CB) and their mono‐ and di‐ortho analogs, tissue samples of a Yusho poisoning victim and Yusho causal oils were subjected to a thorough congener/isomer‐specific investigation for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins (PCDDs). Among the many PCB congeners detected in Yusho oil, non‐ortho coplanar T4CB constituted 3.1%, P5CB‐0.17% and H6CB‐0.0072% in total PCBs. Their concentrations in liver and adipose tissue were 130–700 (T4CB), 54–720 (P5CB) and 50–380 (H6CB) pg/g on wet weight basis. The observed concentrations in adipose tissue were two to four fold higher than that detected in unexposed individuals. Among the PCDFs identified, toxic 2,3,7,8‐substituted isomers including 2,3,4,7,8‐P5CDF were the dominant ones. Tetra‐ through hepta‐CDDs were detected in the oil, whereas octa‐CDD was the dominant isomer in the patient. A comparison with KC‐400 revealed enrichment of coplanar PCBs in Yusho oil along with toxic PCDFs. Enrichment was highest for 3,3'4,4'5,5'‐H6CB followed by 3,3’,4,4'5‐P5CB. A comparative toxic evaluation of these chemical groups in Yusho patient's adipose tissue based on “2,3,7,8‐T4CDD Toxic Equivalent Analysis” revealed accountable toxic contribution from coplanar PCBs. This analysis also confirmed that 2,3,4,7,8‐P5CDF was the principal causative agent in Yusho poisoning. 相似文献