Implications of genetics and current protected areas for conservation of 5 endangered primates in China

Most of China's 24–28 primate species are threatened with extinction. Habitat reduction and fragmentation are perhaps the greatest threats. We used published data from a conservation genetics study of 5 endangered primates in China (Rhinopithecus roxellana, R. bieti, R. brelichi, Trachypithecus francoisi, and T. leucocephalus); distribution data on these species; and the distribution, area, and location of protected areas to inform conservation strategies for these primates. All 5 species were separated into subpopulations with unique genetic components. Gene flow appeared to be strongly impeded by agricultural land, meadows used for grazing, highways, and humans dwellings. Most species declined severely or diverged concurrently as human population and crop land cover increased. Nature reserves were not evenly distributed across subpopulations with unique genetic backgrounds. Certain small subpopulations were severely fragmented and had higher extinction risk than others. Primate mobility is limited and their genetic structure is strong and susceptible to substantial loss of diversity due to local extinction. Thus, to maximize preservation of genetic diversity in all these primate species, our results suggest protection is required for all sub‐populations. Key priorities for their conservation include maintaining R. roxellana in Shennongjia national reserve, subpopulations S4 and S5 of R. bieti and of R. brelichi in Fanjingshan national reserve, subpopulation CGX of T. francoisi in central Guangxi Province, and all 3 T. leucocephalus sub‐populations in central Guangxi Province.     

Progress in the ecology and conservation of giant pandas

Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) conservation is a possible success story in the making. If extinction of this iconic endangered species can be avoided, the species will become a showcase program for the Chinese government and its collaborators. We reviewed the major advancements in ecological science for the giant panda, examining how these advancements have contributed to panda conservation. Pandas’ morphological and behavioral adaptations to a diet of bamboo, which bear strong influence on movement ecology, have been well studied, providing knowledge to guide management actions ranging from reserve design to climate change mitigation. Foraging ecology has also provided essential information used in the creation of landscape models of panda habitat. Because habitat loss and fragmentation are major drivers of the panda population decline, efforts have been made to help identify core habitat areas, establish where habitat corridors are needed, and prioritize areas for protection and restoration. Thus, habitat models have provided guidance for the Chinese governments’ creation of 67 protected areas. Behavioral research has revealed a complex and efficient communication system and documented the need for protection of habitat that serves as a communication platform for bringing the sexes together for mating. Further research shows that den sites in old‐growth forests may be a limiting resource, indicating potential value in providing alternative den sites for rearing offspring. Advancements in molecular ecology have been revolutionary and have been applied to population census, determining population structure and genetic diversity, evaluating connectivity following habitat fragmentation, and understanding dispersal patterns. These advancements form a foundation for increasing the application of adaptive management approaches to move panda conservation forward more rapidly. Although the Chinese government has made great progress in setting aside protected areas, future emphasis will be improved management of pandas and their habitat.     

循环载体生物滤池─—生物过滤新工艺

循环载体生物过滤工艺融三相流化、悬浮曝气、移动接触等几种不同工艺于一体，具有独特的工作原理和工艺特征。动态实验结果表明，循环载体生物过滤工艺容积负荷高，耐冲击负荷能力强，处理效果好，是一种比较理想的生物处理工艺。     

CuO-ZnO催化剂的XRD和EXAFS研究

用XRD和EXAFS方法研究了CuO-ZnO(50:50)CO_2加氢合成甲醇催化剂的结构.XRD研究发现,在催化剂还原前后,分别存在CuO,ZnO和Cu-ZnO晶相.EXAFS研究发现,在CuO-ZnO中,Cu—O,Cu—Cu键长及Cu的氧配位数、Cu的Cu配位数与纯CuO的十分接近,在Cu-ZnO中,Cu—Wu键长、Cu的Cu配位数与纯Cu的十分接近,说明催化剂在还原前后,CU的近邻结构分别与CuO与Cu的十分接近.纯Cu的活性、选择性很低,而Cu-ZnO的活性、选择性较纯Cu的有很大提高,说明催化剂的性能与催化剂中Cu的近邻结构无关.     

A nonparametric procedure for analyzing repeated measures of spatially correlated data

Many agricultural, biological, and environmental studies involve detecting temporal changes of a response variable, based on data observed at sampling sites in a spatial region and repeatedly over several time points. That is, data are repeated measures over time and are potentially correlated across space. The traditional repeated-measures analysis allows for time dependence but assumes that the observations at different sampling sites are mutually independent, which may not be suitable for field data that are correlated across space. In this paper, a nonparametric large-sample inference procedure is developed to assess the time effects while accounting for the spatial dependence using a block bootstrap. For illustration, the methodology is applied to describe the population changes of root-lesion nematodes over time in a production field in Wisconsin.     

Toxicity of arsenate and arsenite on germination, seedling growth and amylolytic activity of wheat

Effects of different concentrations of arsenite and arsenate (0-16 mg/l) on seed germination, relative root length and shoot height, arsenic accumulation in young seedlings, alpha-amylase, beta-amylase and total amylolytic activity in wheat were investigated in order to elucidate the toxicity of arsenic in the early developmental stage. Germination percentages of different wheat varieties had different responses to arsenic species and decreased significantly with increasing arsenic concentrations except Duokang 1. Relative root length (RRL) and relative shoot height (RSH) of wheat seedlings decreased with increasing concentrations of arsenite and arsenate. The relative root lengths were correlated with the relative shoot heights for arsenite (r2 = 0.79) and arsenate (r2 = 0.77). Arsenic uptake by seedlings increased with the increasing concentrations of arsenite or arsenate and followed the Michaelis-Menten kinetics function. The average total amylolytic activity and beta-amylase activity had no significant difference comparable to that of controls at the concentration 2 mg/l arsenite or arsenate, but decreased apparently when the concentration was higher than 2 mg/l. Whereas the alpha-amylase activity decreased with increasing concentrations of arsenite or arsenate over the whole concentration range. Arsenite decreased all the endpoints more remarkably than arsenate. In comparison, shoot height and root length were more sensitive to arsenic than other endpoints and might be used as indicators for arsenic toxicity.     

采用泥回流处理彩色显像管含氟废水

本文通过中和、混凝沉降法除氟过程,研究了彩色显像管工业废水除氟的适宜工艺条件。现场试验表明:应用泥回流处理技术,采用高效絮凝剂处理含氟废水,排放废水氟含量可稳定在4-6mg/L之间,低于排放标准（10mg/L）,同时废水处理的成本大大降低。     

农林生物质在含铬废水处理中的应用

农林生物质作为低成本吸附剂在环境污染治理中日益受到重视。综述了农林生物质在含铬废水处理中的应用研究进展，分析了生物质处理含铬废水的机理、影响因素，指出了生物质法处理含铬废水的发展方向。     

从策划到执行加强承包商HSE管理

几乎所有石油石化企业都雇用承包商来分担部分工作。国内外石油公司都把对承包商的管理纳入其HSE管理体系中,制定了明确的管理标准。针对现阶段石油石化行业承包商管理中存在的问题,对策划到执行阶段中应关注的重点环节提出了意见和建议。     

聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯废料的回收方法

介绍了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯传统的化学回收方法：甲醇醇解法、水解法和醣酵解法;简述了聚酯新的回收工艺：伊斯曼乙二醇水解工艺、超临界水水解工艺和Reco-PET工艺,及有关国家聚酯回收的工业化实践,并对聚酯回收的前景及影响聚酯回收的因素进行了分析。