水质总磷总氮在线自动监测技术的研究

通过优化国内外水质总氮总磷的手工和自动监测方法及设计参数,研究了基于紫外催化-过硫酸钾氧化分光光度法的在线监测技术,设计了紫外线加强氧化-消解反应器和20通道自动校准与自动进样集成控制系统。该技术与国家标准监测方法相比大大提高了总磷总氮氧化率和消解速度,实现了在较低温度和常压条件下水质总磷总氮的快速、安全和稳定的在线自动监测,具备了良好的市场推广应用前景。     

认真贯彻科学发展观全面有效利用黄河水资源

黄河作为包头市工农业生产和人民生活的重要水资源,需要在取水口建立体现科学发展观要求的新的取水模式,本文对黄河包头段的取水口和回排泥沙进行了分析并提出相应的对策。     

安徽省测震台网系统构成

本文对安徽测震台网的系统构成、子台分布、地震设备情况、传输信道、台网的技术系统功能进行了介绍。安徽测震台网部的建成,使得地震监控能力得到更大的提升,在安徽省地震应急中必将发挥积极的作用。     

论述造纸行业控制可吸附有机卤化物的必要性

造纸业漂白过程会带来可吸附有机卤化合物的污染,这是一类含有包括二恶英在内的多种有毒有机物。随着全球贸易进程,控制造纸业可吸附有机卤化合物的排放已经刻不容缓。控制造纸行业可吸附有机卤化物应从工艺技术、排放标准执行、监测等方面着手。     

HDTMA改性粉煤灰沸石对水中铬酸盐的吸附

以自制HDTMA-粉煤灰沸石为吸附剂,对铬酸盐的吸附进行了实验研究。讨论了吸附剂的投入量、废水pH值、吸附温度和吸附时间等各因素对Cr（VI）去除率的影响。研究表明：pH值对Cr（VI）的吸附效率无显著影响,且在HDTMA-粉煤灰沸石的投加量为20 g/L、吸附温度为30℃、吸附时间为60 min的条件下,Cr（VI）的去除率可达90%左右。     

Enhanced atrazine removal using membrane bioreactor bioaugmented with genetically engineered microorganism

Bioaugmentation with genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for enhanced removal of recalcitrant pollutants was explored. An atrazine-degrading genetically engineered microorganism (GEM) with green fluorescent protein was inoculated into an MBR and the effects of such a bioaugmentation strategy on atrazine removal were investigated. The results show that atrazine removal was improved greatly in the bioaugmented MBR compared with a control system. After a start-up period of 6 days, average 94.7% of atrazine was removed in bioaugmented MBR when atrazine concentration of influent was 14.5 mg/L. The volumetric removal rates increased linearly followed by atrazine loading increase and the maximum was 65.5 mg/(L·d). No negative effects were found on COD removal although carbon oxidation activity of bioaugmented sludge was lower than that of common sludge. After inoculation, adsorption to sludge flocs was favorable for GEM survival. The GEM population size initially decreased shortly and then was kept constant at about 10⁴–10⁵ CFU/mL. Predation of micro-organisms played an important role in the decay of the GEM population. GEM leakage from MBR was less than 10² CFU/mL initially and was then undetectable. In contrast, in a conventionally activated sludge bioreactor (CAS), sludge bulking occurred possibly due to atrazine exposure, resulting in bioaugmentation failure and serious GEM leakage. So MBR was superior to CAS in atrazine bioaugmentation treatment using GEM.     

Allelopathic inhibition on red tide microalgae Skeletonema costatum by five macroalgal extracts

This study aims to identify effective antialgal allelochemicals from marine macroalgae that inhibit the growth of red tide microalgae. Practically, new algicidal agents were developed to control red tide. The growth inhibitory effects of 5 marine macroalgae Porphyra tenera, Laminaria japonica, Ulva pertusa, Enteromorpha clathrata, and Undaria pinnatifida on Skeletonema costatum were evaluated by adding crude seawater extracts of macroalgal dry tissue into the culture medium containing S. costatum. The half-effective concentrations at 120 h (EC_{50, 120 h}) of the seawater extracts were 0.6, 0.9, 1.0, 1.0, and 4.7 g/L for the five macroalgae above, respectively. E. clathrata, L. japonica and U. pertusa showed strong allelopathic effect on the growth of S. costatum. There have been no previous reports with regard to the allelopathic effects of the former two macroalgae so far. The possible allelochemicals of 21 compounds of the E. clathrata were detected using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Unsaturated fatty acids, acrylic acid (C₃H₄O₂), and linolenic acid (C₁₈H₃₀O₂) were the most likely allelochemicals in E. clathrata.     

冰雪灾害中交通工程的损害类型及原因分析

通过对已建及在建的高速公路在冰灾中的损害调查,详细列出了损害的类型并进行了原因分析。并将此次灾难中暴露出的设计、施工和管理方面的问题进行了分解。     

湖北省土地利用结构变化及其驱动机制分析

采用1996～2004年的统计资料,分析了湖北省土地利用结构变化,研究发现全省耕地大幅度减少,其次是未利用地和牧草地;林地则迅速增加,其次为居民点及独立工矿、园地、其他农用地、交通用地和水利设施用地。随后运用典型相关分析法,以湖北省76个县级行政单位为研究单元,进一步对湖北省土地利用结构变化的驱动因子进行了统计分析,定量诊断出各驱动因子对湖北省土地利用结构变化贡献作用的大小。结果显示,湖北省土地利用结构与社会经济因素之间关系可以用4对典型相关变量表示,耕地、居民点及工矿用地、林地、交通用地、水利设施用地的发展变化分别对应于不同的社会经济驱动因子。     

“5·12”地震前后都江堰市地表覆盖状况变化分析

本文以应用遥感技术,对“5·12”地震都江堰区域地表覆盖状况进行分析评价。选取都江堰市基于2007年的LandsatTM影像和2010年HJ-1卫星CCD影像,通过面向对象和目视解译相结合的方法,提取了草地、河流、旱地、水田、建设用地等9类生态类型环境覆盖信息。结果表明：“5·12”汶川地震对地表生态环境的变化较大,北...