三峡库区香溪河流域河岸带种子植物区系研究

根据详细的植物群落调查资料,对三峡库区香溪河流域河岸带种子植物区系进行了研究。结果表明：河岸带维管束种类在科级水平上占神农架的65.8％,在属级水平上占47.3％,在种级水平上占26.7％。河岸带植物区系的性质为温带特性,与神农架地区种子植物属的性质相一致。河岸带这一独特自然景观的植物区系在整个区域自然景观中具有相当的代表性。在香溪河流域河岸带中,维管束植物种类较丰富,分布着大量的珍稀濒危植物种类,表明河岸带在生物多样性保护中具有重要的作用。     

Photolysis of low concentration H2S under UV/VUV irradiation emitted from microwave discharge electrodeless lamps

The photolysis of simulating low concentration of hydrogen sulfide malodorous gas was studied under UV irradiation emitted by self-made microwave discharge electrodeless lamps (i.e. microwave UV electrodeless mercury lamp (185/253.7 nm) and iodine lamp (178.3/180.1/183/184.4/187.6/206.2 nm)). Experiments results showed that the removal efficiency (eta H2S) of hydrogen sulfide was decreased with increasing initial H2S concentration and increased slightly with gas residence time; H2S removal efficiency was decreased dramatically with enlarged pipe diameter. Under the experimental conditions with pipe diameter of 36 mm, gas flow rate of 0.42 standard l s(-1), eta H2S was 52% with initial H2S concentration of 19.5 mg m(-3) by microwave mercury lamp, the absolute removal amount (ARA) was 4.30 microg s(-1), and energy yield (EY) was 77.3 mg kW h(-1); eta H2S was 56% with initial H2S concentration of 18.9 mg m(-3) by microwave iodine lamp, the ARA was 4.48 microg s(-1), and the EY was 80.5mg kW h(-1). The main photolysis product was confirmed to be SO4(2-) with IC.     

A combined plasma photolysis (CPP) method for removal of CS2 from gas streams at atmospheric pressure

A combined plasma photolysis (CPP) reactor that utilizes a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma and 207 nm UV radiation from discharge-driven KrBr^* excimers was designed and constructed. Gas streams containing CS₂ were treated with stand-alone DBD and CPP at atmospheric pressure. In comparison to DBD, CPP greatly enhanced the removal efficiency at the same applied voltage, waste gas concentration and gas residence time. Thus the applied voltage could be reduced to a certain extent in the plasma processing of industrial wastes. Influences of the KrBr^* radiation, inlet CS₂ concentration and gas residence time on CS₂ removal by CPP were also studied. In addition, the likely reaction mechanisms for the removal of CS₂ by CPP are suggested based on the byproducts analysis. The enhanced removal efficiency and reaction mechanisms implied that the CPP process would probably be suitable for the removal of a large number of gaseous pollutants.     

Mineralization of C.I. Reactive Yellow 84 in aqueous solution by sonolytic ozonation

The operational parameters and mechanism of mineralization of C.I. Reactive Yellow 84 (RY84), one of the azo dyes, in aqueous solution were investigated using sonolytic ozonation (US/O(3) oxidation). Of the pseudo-first-order degradation rate constants of TOC reduction, 9.0 x 10(-4), 7.3 x 10(-3) and 1.8 x 10(-2)min(-1) were observed with US, O3, and a combination of US and O3, respectively. These results illustrate that ozonation combined with sonolysis for removal of TOC is more efficient than ozonation alone or ultrasonic irradiation alone without considering the operating costs. With the initial pH value at 10.0, the ozone dose at 4.5 g h(-1), the energy density of ultrasound at 176 W l(-1), and the initial concentration of RY84 at 100 mg l(-1), the extent of mineralization measured as TOC loss was maximized. The variation of the concentrations of related ions (oxalate, formate, acetate, NO3(-), NO2(-), NH4(+), Cl(-), and SO4(2-)) during the reaction process was monitored. Other organic intermediates detected by GC/MS were N-methyleneaniline, phthalic acid, 4-hydroxyphthalic acid, isocyanatobenzene, aniline, 4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one, butene diacid and urea. Based on these findings, a tentative degradation pathway was proposed.     

基于现场实测的炒菜类餐饮废气排放及静电净化效率评测

为了解静电净化技术对炒菜类餐饮废气的净化效果及随运行时间的变化,该研究选取一家典型餐饮企业对炒菜灶头进行废气净化改造,不定期现场跟踪检测净化设备使用前后颗粒物、非甲烷总烃(NMHC)和VOCs组分的浓度变化。结果表明,定期清洗维护状态下,静电净化设备对颗粒物净化效率变化范围为55.7%～97.3%,平均净化效率为85.9%,净化后平均排放浓度降至4.0 mg/m³,颗粒物净化效率稳定且达标;静电净化设备对NMHC的净化效率不稳定,总体净化效率低于25%,净化后NMHC的平均排放浓度为26.0 mg/m³,仍超过排放标准,其不是去除餐饮NMHC的有效手段,需要加装其他NMHC净化设备;在组分净化效率方面,各组分的净化效率变化和差异很大,这可能与餐饮企业排放过程风速湿度波动大,产生的污染物浓度组分不稳定以及静电净化器工作过程高压电源产生的臭氧等有关,需要进一步研究。     

双极荷电静电除尘器收集高比电阻微尘的实验

根据粉尘层反电晕现象分析,提出在接地收尘极板上布置芒刺反电晕放电极的双极电晕静电除尘器,这种双极电晕静电除尘器能避免粉尘层的反电晕。在平均场强约3.4kV/cm时,采用粒子图像测速仪(PIV)测得电场内正、负离子风的核心区风速约2m/s。实验表明,离子风对收集微细粉尘有很好的促进作用。在常温常压下,平均场强为3.4kV/cm、气流速度在0.5～2.0m/s的范围内,对质量中位径为0.159μm、比电阻为2.4×1014Ω.cm的硅微粉的电除尘效率测定结果表明,双极荷电静电除尘器的除尘效率高于单极荷电静电除尘器。观察发现,由于接地芒刺的存在,即使对于比电阻高达2.4×1014Ω.cm的硅微粉,沉积在双极荷电静电除尘器收尘极板上的粉饼没有出现反电晕。     

河岸混合植物带改善河水水质的现场研究

在1年的时间里在现场利用混合植物河岸带、无植物空白带对受污染河水进行处理.对COD、NH 4、TP、浊度和水温进行了监测,并比较了不同季节里混合植物带改善河水水质的效果.混合植物带在夏、秋季改善河水水质的效果好于冬、春季.混合植物带在夏季对COD、NH4 -N、TP和浊度的去除率分别为37.01%、69.21%、62.45%和99.17%,在冬季对河水水质也有一定程度的改善.混合植物带可以降低河水温度及河水早晚温差,起到改善局部水环境的作用.混合植物带与空白带的对比表明植物对去除水中污染物、改善局部水环境起着重要作用.     

异养硝化细菌Bacillus sp.LY脱氮性能研究

研究了异养硝化细菌Bacillus sp.LY的脱氮性能.结果表明,Bacillus sp.LY是1株具有脱氮能力的异养硝化细菌.在Nil4 -N浓度分别为40、80和120 mg/L 3种情况下,120 h反应后,氨氮的去除率分别是100%、85.7%、73.7%,总氮的去除率分别是76.6%、53.4%、64.8%,在菌液初始浓度相同的情况下,随着NH4 -N浓度的增加,细菌的硝化速率以及脱氮速率呈现下降的趋势.有机物浓度是影响Bacillus sp.LY脱氮性能的重要因素,低的有机物浓度会阻碍细菌脱氮性能的发挥,中的有机物浓度会促进细菌脱氮性能的发挥,使体系的脱氮效果达到最佳,高的有机物浓度并不能再次提升细菌的脱氮性能.在Bacillus sp.LY作用下,有机氮经过氨化作用生成氨氮,通过2条可能的途径转化为氮气.1条途径是氨氮先硝化生成亚硝酸盐与硝酸盐,然后反硝化生成氮气.另1条途径是氨氮被氧化生成羟胺,然后脱氢生成氧化亚氮并进一步转化为氮气.这些研究可为开发新型高效生物脱氮工艺提供参考.     

污水处理场日常检维修作业的HSE管理

对污水处理场日常检维修项目进行分类，分析不同类型检维修作业工作危害，将不同类型的HSE施工作业指导书结合到进装置作业施工作业票的签批中，规范执行风险评价过程，并落实风险削减措施，以深化日常小型检维修作业的HSE管理。     

吴忠市新灌区生态经济类型

本文应用主分量分析法,对吴忠新灌区生态经济类型进行了初步划分与研究。分析结果表明,该区可划分为五个明显不同的生态经济类型区,各区的生态条件、经济、环境均存在较大差异,故此,在制定其发展方向及开发措施时,应区别对待。