Algal-bloom control by allelopathy of aquatic macrophytes — A review

Algal-bloom control is an important issue for water environment protection as it induces several negative impacts on the lives of aquatic organisms, aquaculture, landscaping, and human health. The development of an environment-friendly, cost-effective, and convenient alternative for controlling algal bloom has gained much concern. Using the allelopathy of aquatic macrophytes as a novel and safe method for algal-bloom control is a promising alternative. This paper reviews the development and potential application about allelopathy of aquatic plants on algae, including the allelopathic research history, the potential research problems, the research methodology, and the reported aquatic macrophytes and their inhibitory allelochemicals. Potential modes of inhibition action of allelochemicals on algae, possible ways for application, and future development directions of research on algal-bloom control by aquatic macrophytes were also presented.     

Eutrophication status and control strategy of Taihu Lake

The water quality and eutrophication status of Taihu Lake in recent years are presented and the pollution trends are analyzed. It is shown that because of unreasonable industrial structures, pollution discharge per GDP is high within the Taihu basin, and the pollution discharge from point and non-point sources exceed the basin’s environmental carrying capacity. Especially, excessive pollutants containing nitrogen and phosphorus are being discharged. Moreover, eutrophication may also result from internal pollution sources such as the release of nutrient elements from sediment. All these factors have resulted in the water quality deterioration of Taihu Lake. To solve this environmental problem, possible control strategies are summarized, including the control of internal pollution sources and inflow-river pollution, ecological restoration and reconstruction of the degraded lakeside zone ecosystem, clean water diversion, dredging, and manual algae removal.     

Isolation of a strain that degrades 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and characterization of its degradative plasmid

The genetic information encoding metabolic pathways for xenobiotic compounds in bacteria often resides on catabolic plasmids. The aim of the present work was to know the location of the genes for degrading 1,2,4-trichlorobenzen. In this paper a 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene-degrading strain THSL-1 was isolated from the soil of Tianjin Chemical Plant using 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene as the sole carbon source. The strain was identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri through morphologic survey and 16S rDNA sequence determination. A plasmid was discovered from strain THSL-1 by using the alkali lysis method. When the plasmid was transformed into E. coli. JM109 by the CaCl2 method, the transformant could grow using 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene as the sole carbon source and had the degradation function of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. Therefore, it could be deemed that the plasmid carried the degradative genes of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. The average size of the plasmid was finally determined to be 40.2 Kb using selectively three kinds of restricted inscribed enzymes (HindIII, BamHI, and XholI) for single cutting and double cutting the plasmid pTHSL-1, respectively.     

无机氮磷对双胞旋沟藻(Cochlodinium geminatum)生长的影响

结合2009年双胞旋沟藻赤潮现场调查无机营养盐和双胞旋沟藻细胞密度数据,在实验室条件下用批次培养的方法研究了不同浓度的无机氮、磷源对双胞旋沟藻生长的影响。固定氮源(NaNO3)浓度为160μmol/L,以NaH2PO4为磷源,氮磷比为12时,比生长速率最大为0.42 d-1;氮磷比为4～32时,细胞密度均能达到4×103～6×103cells/L;氮磷比为64和100时,对数期较短且最大细胞密度较低。固定磷源(NaH2PO4)浓度为5μmol/L,研究了3种无机氮源(NaNO3,NaNO2,NH4Cl)对双胞沟藻生长的影响。以NaNO3为氮源,氮磷比为4和8时对数期较短且最大细胞密度也较低,氮磷比为16时获得最大比生长速率(0.40 d-1)和最大细胞密度(6×103cells/L),氮磷比达到100时也未对细胞生长产生明显抑制;以NaNO2为氮源,氮磷比为64时比生长速率最大,氮磷比为20时获得最大细胞密度,氮磷比大于32时初期生长受到一定抑制;以NH4Cl为氮源,延迟期较长,氮磷比为12时比生长速率最大,氮磷比大于32时初期生长也受到抑制,氮磷比为64和100时细胞基本没有生长。综合以上结果可以发现,以NaH2PO4为磷源、NaNO3为氮源时双胞旋沟藻的生长情况取决于氮磷的浓度而不是比例。而以NaNO2和NH4Cl为氮源时,氮源浓度超过一定值后会对双胞旋沟藻生长产生抑制。     

傅立叶变换红外光谱法直接定性分析水样中有机污染物

用蒸馏水作为样品红外光谱的背景图谱,在水样图谱中扣除背景图谱即得到其中主要污染物的红外谱图,通过解谱,可对水样中的成分作出快速定性,在环境应急监测中得到应用。     

炼化企业反渗透浓水处理技术现状及发展趋势分析

对国内炼化企业RO浓水处理技术现状进行分析,认为液体零排放技术(ZLD)是解决RO浓水外排的最彻底手段,但高昂的设备投资与运行成本使其应用受限。臭氧多相催化氧化技术仍将是未来RO浓水处理的核心手段,发展趋势是提高臭氧/催化剂协同降解COD的效能,并控制处理成本。     

大气污染事故中便携气相色谱测定苯胺的方法研究

快速气体分析仪在环境突发事故中起着重要作用,本研究利用ZNOSE快速气体分析仪,对苯胺气体标准样品以及模拟实际大气样品的气体进行分析,探讨了污染事故中苯胺快速测定方法,并对快速气体分析仪在苯胺污染事故中的适用性进行评定。测定结果表明该方法对苯胺气体样品具有高的灵敏度和快速响应,并对检出物具有非选择性和可变检出限。采在事先做好样品标准谱图的情况下,用ZNOSE快速气体分析仪可以在短时间内确定大气环境中的苯胺及其浓度,能满足环境污染实时监测的需求,尤其是处理环境污染事故。     

欧美绿色供应链发展经验及启示

随着工业化、城市化的飞速发展,我国经济社会面临的资源环境瓶颈约束日益突出,实现经济发展和环境保护的同步推进是当前工作的重要内容,环境保护将扮演更为重要的角色。实施绿色供应链管理有利于改善高能耗高污染问题,提高企业生产效率,增强核心竞争力,促进企业和社会的可持续发展。欧盟和美国在推行绿色供应链管理方面成果显著,汲取其先进的政策和实践经验,对中国推进绿色供应链具有重要的借鉴意义。