灰色聚类法在水环境质量评价中的应用

本文提出运用灰色聚类法评价水质的新方法,并用该方法对某水库水质进行了评价,最后与模糊数学方法作了比较。结果证明,灰色聚类法不仅具有模糊数学的优点,又补充了其不完善之处,用灰色聚类法评价水质,比较符合实际状况.     

从生态经济学观点论开发皖中农业自然资源的某些战略性问题

生态学是研究自然界水、土、光、气、热等无生命物质之间,动物、植物、微生物等生物之间以及非生物与生物之间的相互联系、相互依赖、相互制约的一门科学。它是生态经济学的基础。单有生态学观点还不能直接为国民经济服务,还必须与经济学相结合。要研究生态规律与经济规律的关系、生态效益与经济效益的关系。生态效益和经济效益的实现,还必须有相应的经济政策的保证,才能达到研究生态经济学的目的。作者近年来在工作中不断学习,不断体会,希望促进这门综合性学科形成一门独立的学科。     

夏季城市大气O3浓度影响因素及其相关关系

利用2003年夏季济南市区近地面大气O₃、相关前体物和气象因素等观测数据,研究了O₃浓度的分布特征及时间变化规律,分析了7月份O₃与NO、NO₂和CO等前体物及太阳辐射和气温气象条件的相关性.结果表明,济南市区夏季O₃污染比较严重,观测期间各污染物O₃、NO、NO₂、NO_x和CO浓度都相对较高,昼间O₃与各前体物的浓度呈较好的负相关关系,与太阳辐射具有非常明显的相关性,而与气温的相关性不明显.根据以上分析结果,利用回归分析方法,建立了昼间O₃浓度与前体物、气象因子之间的相关模式,结果表明O₃浓度的计算值与观测值符合性较好.     

空气中异氰酸甲酯的气相色谱测定

用无水乙醇作吸收液,使异氰酸甲酯转化为取代氨基甲酸酯,用氮磷检测器（ＮＰＤ）检测,可消除其他组分的干扰,方法的检测限可达μｇ／Ｌ水平。该方法比目前使用的分光光度法快速、简便、准确。     

ZnO-TiO2光催化还原亚硝酸盐

利用水热法制备了ZnO-TiO2复合材料,采用XRD、SEM、EDS对催化剂进行了表征分析。实验考察了复合材料催化还原亚硝酸盐的效果,结果表明,pH=5,ZnO-TiO2浓度为1.00 g/L,亚硝酸盐初始浓度为50 mg/L(以氮元素计算),0.03 mol/L的甲酸作空穴捕获剂,反应150 min后,亚硝酸盐转化率为94.64%,氮气选择性为79.12%。对光催化亚硝酸盐反应动力学进行研究,拟和出了反应动力学方程,结果表明该催化反应为一级反应。     

紫外辐射加速磺胺嘧啶生物降解的机理

采用紫外光解与生物降解耦合的方法可以明显提高磺胺嘧啶(SD)的生物降解速率。经过分析,发现SD在紫外光解过程中首先生成对氨基苯磺酸(p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, ABS)和2-氨基嘧啶(2-aminopyrimidine, 2-AP),而ABS很快分解为苯胺(aniline, An)和SO42-。其中2-AP不能加速苯胺的生物降解,反而具有一定的生物抑制。而苯胺可以提高其生物降解速率。按比例同时将2-AP和An加入到SD溶液中,其生物降解速率与紫外光解耦合生物降解时相近,是单独生物降解速率的2倍。这是因为苯胺在生物氧化过程中,可以提供足够的电子并通过共基质作用加速SD的初始单加氧反应。     

Distribution of rare earth elements in PM10 emitted from burning coals and soil-mixed coal briquettes

Emission from burning coals is one of the major sources of the airborne particles in China. We carried out a study on the rare earth elements(REEs) in the inhalable particulate matter(PM₁₀) emitted from burning coals and soil-coal honeycomb briquettes with different volatile contents and ash yields in a combustion-dilution system. Gravimetric analysis indicates that the equivalent mass concentration of the PM₁₀ emitted from burning the coals is higher than that emitted from...     

Promotion effect of graphene on phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench was selected as a remediation plant in this study, and different concentrations of graphene oxide (GO) were added to Cd-contaminated soil. Through pot experiments, the effect of E. purpurea on Cd-contaminated soil was determined at 60 days, 120 days, and 150 days. A preliminary study on the remediation mechanism of GO was explored through changes in the forms of Cd in the rhizosphere soil, soil pH, and soil functional groups. Results showed that the optimal concentration of GO was 0.4 g/kg, and under the condition, the accumulation of Cd in the roots of E. purpurea was as high as 113.69 ± 23.86 mg/kg, and the maximum EF reached 5.87 ± 1.34. Compared with those of the control group, accumulated Cd concentration and EF in the roots increased by 60.34% and 2.32, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the absorption and accumulation of Cd was negatively correlated with the exchangeable Cd content at 120 days, and the exchangeable Cd was negatively correlated with the relative content of functional groups in the soil with 0.4 g/kg GO (E2). The artificial application of GO to the soil can be used as an effective way to improve the effect of E. purpurea in the remediation of Cd soil pollution, and it has great application potential in the stabilization of plants and vegetations and restoration of high-concentration Cd-contaminated soil.

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