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391.
Occurrence of phthalate esters in water and sediment of urban lakes in a subtropical city, Guangzhou, South China 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Extensive use of phthalate esters (PAEs) in both industrial processes and consumer products has resulted in the ubiquitous presence of these chemicals in the environment. This study reports the first data on the concentrations of 16 phthalate esters (PAEs) in water and sediments of the urban lakes in Guangzhou City. PAEs were detected in all samples analyzed, mainly originating from urban stormwater runoff, atmospheric deposition, as well as untreated discharge of industrial wastewater and municipal sewage. The Sigma(16)PAEs concentrations in water and sediments ranged from 1.69 to 4.72 microg L(-1) and 2.27 to 74.94 microg g(-1)-dry weight (dw), with the mean concentrations of 2.91 microg L(-1) and 20.85 microg g(-1)-dw, respectively, which indicates that sediment is a significant sink for PAEs. Variability of the Sigma 16PAEs concentrations in water and sediment in the urban lakes was almost consistent. The spatial distribution of PAEs was site-specific. Of the 16 PAEs, DMP, DEP, DnBP, DiBP, DMPP, and DEHP were present in all water and sediment samples. DnBP was abundant in water (53.0-81.2%), while no single dominant congener was found in sediments. The abundances of DiBP were similar to those of DEHP, and DiBP and DEHP collectively accounted for 77.2-97.6% of the Sigma 16PAEs concentrations. Congener specific analysis confirmed that DnBP was a predictive indicator for the dissolved summation operator16 PAEs concentration (correlation coefficient r=0.968, p<0.01), and that DiBP was a predictive indicator for the sediment summation operator16 PAEs concentration (r=0.975, p<0.01). As compared to the results for other studies, the urban lakes of Guangzhou were moderately polluted by PAEs. 相似文献
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393.
堆肥嗜热纤维素分解菌的筛选鉴定及其强化堆肥研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
对采集于农业堆肥高温期的微生物样品进行30d的高温驯化,驯化完成后从中筛选得到15株嗜热纤维素分解菌,经形态学特征、生理生化反应及16S rDNA序列同源性比对鉴定为:Bacillus sp3株,Paenibacillus sp1株,Bacillus licheniformis3株,Bacillus subtilis4株,Brevibacillus borstelensis1株,Bacillus coagulans3株.将筛选得到的菌种添加至高纤维素含量的堆体进行效果验证,结果表明添加嗜热纤维素分解菌对堆肥pH变化无显著影响,但可提高堆肥高温期温度、延长高温期并显著地降低堆肥产品的C/N和有机质含量,显著降低纤维素和半纤维素含量,加快堆肥腐熟.堆体有机质降解动力学结果表明,堆体接菌和不接菌处理的有机质最大降解度分别为62.5481%和61.7101%,速率常数分别为0.1250d-1和0.1051d-1,接菌处理的堆肥比对照堆肥提前6d达到稳定.研究表明,添加筛选的嗜热纤维素分解菌能缩短堆肥周期. 相似文献
394.
基于粗糙集理论的地铁灾害应急能力评价研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文利用粗糙集理论的相关知识,研究了地铁灾害应急能力的评价问题。从地铁灾害应急能力的特点出发,构建了准确、全面、有效的地铁灾害应急能力评价指标体系,分析了如何利用粗糙集进行权重确定。最后,通过一个应用实例说明了模型的有效性。 相似文献
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398.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in atmosphere and soil samples taken in winter and summer at a PBDE
production area of Laizhou Bay in China. The concentrations of P11PBDE were 0.017–1.17 ng/m3 in gaseous phase, 0.5–161.1 ng/m3
in particulate phase, and 73–2629 ng/g dry weight in soil samples. The PBDE congener pattern in the gaseous phase di ered from that
in the particulate phase, and the PBDE congener pattern in the particulate phase was similar with that in soil. This demonstrated that
there was little di erence with atmospheric particle-soil transfer e ciency among PBDE congeners. In addition, there were seasonal
variations in percentages on particle for lower brominated congeners. The BDE-28 was mostly in the gaseous phase in summer (88.3%),
whereas the average proportion of BDE-28 in gaseous phase in winter was 38.9%. Higher brominated congeners (i.e., BDE-206, BDE-
207, BDE-208, and BDE-209) were bound to the atmospheric particulate phase, and their potentials for long-range migration were
mainly a ected by the environmental behavior of atmospheric particles. Results indicated that PBDE congeners in summer were closer
to gas-particle partition equilibrium than in winter. Temperature should be considered the main factor causing nonequilibrium in winter. 相似文献
399.
东北老工业基地不同土地利用类型土壤重金属污染特点 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以东北老工业基地北部城市群为例,对其重点区域及周边的不同土地利用类型中Hg,Pb,Cr,Zn4种元素进行测定分析,利用单因子污染评价和多因子污染评价方法进行评价。结果表明,4种元素在不同利用类型土壤中,汞和铅在土壤中的迁移能力较弱,且汞元素在土壤中积累程度不高,只是在个别区域其含量有所波动;铅在农田和工业用地土壤中都有一定的积累,但向其他利用类型土壤的迁移效果不明显;铬在个别区域的旱田,蔬菜地中的积累略高,并迁移威胁到了其周围的林地土壤;锌在某些地区的工业用地,旱田,蔬菜地的污染程度相比其他几种元素污染更为严重。 相似文献
400.
Influence of influent on anaerobic ammonium oxidation in an Expanded Granular Sludge Bed-Biological Aerated Filter integrated system 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Daijun Zhang Cui Bai Ting Tang Qing Yang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(2):291-297
Shortcut nitrification-denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX), and methanogenesis have been successfully
coupled in an Expanded Granular Sludge Bed-Biological Aerated Filter (EGSB-BAF) integrated system. As fed different synthetic
wastewater with chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 300–1200 mg·L−1 and NH4+-N of 30–120 mg·L−1 at the outer recycle ratio of 200%, the influence of influent on ANAMMOX in the integrated system was investigated in this
paper. The experimental results showed that higher COD concentration caused an increase in denitrification and methanogenesis
but a decrease in ANAMMOX; however, when an influent with the low concentration of COD was used, the opposite changes could
be observed. Higher influent NH4+-N concentration favored ANAMMOX when the COD concentration of influent was fixed. Therefore, low COD =NH4+-N ratio would decrease competition for nitrite between ANAMMOX and denitrification, which was favorable for reducing the
negative effect of organic COD on ANAMMOX. The good performance of the integrated system indicated that the bacterial community
of denitrification, ANAMMOX, and methanogenesis could be dynamically maintained in the sludge of EGSB reactor for a certain
range of influent. 相似文献