天津滨海湿地土壤有机碳储量及其影响因素分析

对天津滨海湿地的土壤有机碳(SOC)储量进行了研究. 结果表明:滨海湿地土壤表层(0～30 cm)w(SOC)为(8.55±3.98)g/kg,平均土壤有机碳密度为(4.70±1.91)kg/m2,低于全国平均水平. 从土地覆盖类型看,除林地外,滨海湿地土壤中w(SOC)也处于偏低水平. 滨海湿地的土壤中w(SOC)与土壤环境因子有显著相关关系,由此建立回归方程,认为土壤中w(黏粒)和pH是影响土壤中w(SOC)的最主要因素,二者可以解释71.8%的土壤有机碳分布情况. 提出对滨海湿地的改良建议,认为适当地进行人为管理和调控,对土壤环境的改善及土壤有机碳储量的增加有积极作用.      

基于BP神经网络算法的混凝土单层框架损伤识别

基于BP神经网络算法,采用框架结构损伤前后固有频率的变化率作为网络的输入参数,分别对框架梁的单处损伤、框架柱的多处损伤进行损伤位置的识别.数值仿真结果表明,BP神经网络算法对混凝土框架结构损伤位置的识别效果很好.     

企业排污总量的优化

针对我国现代排污收费制度的弊端,“可持续发展”的现实需要以及控制污染物总量的紧迫性,本文通过分析排污标准与排污收费标准之间的关系,建立一个关于超标准排放收费与超标准排放量的增长模型。为了极小化企业实际污染物总量和极大化企业实际利润,采用多污染因子实行叠加收费,建立环境一经济系统的最优控制模型,然后借助运筹学的多目标决策理论和Matlab工程数学软件,利用随机搜索和偏好系数加权法,寻找最佳的权重,从而综合评估总产出与污染物排放量。最后用某炼油厂的实际运行数据,检验模型的合理性。     

4-甲基喹啉的微生物降解研究

从处理油制气废水的活性污泥中分离得到一株可降解喹啉的菌Q10，经鉴定为睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌(Comamonas testosteroni)。该菌还可以降解4——甲基喹啉，本文着重研究了该菌在好氧条件下对4——甲基喹啉降解特性。实验结果表明，该菌在碱性条件下比在酸性条件下更有利于4——甲基喹啉的降解；温度为30℃时降解较快；振荡速度对降解没有明显影响；在适当的细菌浓度和底物浓度水平上，4——甲基喹啉具有较高的降解效率。实验也表明，菌Q10是一株喹啉衍生物广谱降解菌，具有重要的实用价值。     

武汉市郊典型利用方式下土壤磷素特征及流失风险分析

当前地表水体环境问题日益突出,磷素作为水体富营养化的关键控制因子而备受关注。本研究通过实地采样分析,研究了武汉市郊区典型利用方式下土壤磷素形态剂含量特征,并分析了其流失风险。结果表明:不同利用方式下的土壤磷素水平差异较大,各形态磷水平排序是蔬菜地稻田常规旱地苗圃地;武汉城郊0～20cm表层土壤全磷(TP)含量为255.4～1763.1mg/kg,平均值为975.4mg/kg;土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)为1.3～164.2mg/kg,平均值为56.4mg/kg;藻类有效磷(NaOH-P)含量为33.4～910.7mg/kg,平均值为204.0mg/kg;土壤Olsen-P为56.0mg/kg可作为武汉市郊区土壤磷素流失的临界值,且超过该临界值的土样有34.9%,其中有93.3%采自蔬菜地,表明各利用方式下蔬菜地土壤磷素流失风险最高。     

Distributions of typical contaminant species in urban short-term storm runoff and their fates during rain events： A case of Xiamen City

The pollutants in urban storm runoff,which lead to an non-point source contamination of water environment around cities,are of great concerns.The distributions of typical contaminants and the variations of their species in short term storm runoff from different land surfaces in Xiamen City were investigated.The concentrations of various contaminants,including organic matter,nutrients(i.e.,N and P) and heavy metals,were significantly higher in parking lot and road runoff than those in roof and lawn runoff.The early runoff samples from traffic road and parking lot contained much high total nitrogen(TN 6-19 mg/L) and total phosphorus(TP 1-3 mg/L).A large proportion(around 60%) of TN existed as total dissolved nitrogen(TDN) species in most runoff.The percentage of TDN and the percentage of total dissolved phosphorus remained relatively stable during the rain events and did not decrease as dramatically as TN and TP.In addition,only parking lot and road runoff were contaminated by heavy metals,and both Pb(25-120 μg/L) and Zn(0.1-1.2 mg/L) were major heavy metals contaminating both runoff.Soluble Pb and Zn were predominantly existed as labile complex species(50%-99%),which may be adsorbed onto the surfaces of suspended particles and could be easily released out when pH decreased.This would have the great impact to the environment.     

重庆地磁台观测环境干扰分析

根据《地震电磁观测技术》中提供的理论计算方法、采用重庆地磁台近15年的21点值和基线值,对该台的地磁观测干扰情况做出合理的分析和解释;并总结了干扰类型和数据变化情况,提出对干扰的解决方法。     

太原市大气污染防治战略研究

以太原市2003年-2013年大气中主要污染物SO2、NO2、PM10为依据,分析了其季节、年度变化特征和外源输入的影响。2013年污染物的季节变化显示,SO2在冬季较高是受采暖排放影响;PM10在春季由于扬尘使其浓度最高。2003年-2012年间SO2和PM10浓度呈显著下降趋势,但仍较严重。重污染天气受来自西南、西北和东南方向的气团影响。太原市城区SO2和氮氧化物的排放总量已超过大气环境容量,其中主要是工业排放。对重点工业企业搬迁的方向也将对太原市空气质量改善产生影响。     

Photodegradation of 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole (UV-P) in coastal seawaters: Important role of DOM

Benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BT-UVs) have attracted concerns due to their ubiquitous occurrence in the aquatic environment, and their bioaccumulative and toxic properties. However, little is known about their aquatic environmental degradation behavior. In this study, photodegradation of a representative of BT-UVs, 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole (UV-P), was investigated under simulated sunlight irradiation. Results show that UV-P photodegrades slower under neutral conditions (neutral form) than under acidic or alkaline conditions (cationic and anionic forms). Indirect photodegradation is a dominant elimination pathway of UV-P in coastal seawaters. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from seawaters accelerate the photodegradation rates mainly through excited triplet DOM (³DOM^?), and the roles of singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical are negligible in the matrixes. DOM from seawaters impacted by mariculture exhibits higher steady-state concentration of ³DOM^? ([³DOM^?]) relative to those from pristine seawaters, leading to higher photosensitizing effects on the photodegradation. Halide ions inhibit the DOM-sensitized photodegradation of UV-P by decreasing [³DOM^?]. Photodegradation half-lives of UV-P are estimated to range from 24.38 to 49.66?hr in field water bodies of the Yellow River estuary. These results are of importance for assessing environmental fate and risk UV-P in coastal water bodies.     

在碱法制浆过程中同步除硅──中型试验

在制备高硅含量原料的碱法蒸煮液时,把一种主要成份为氧化铝的除硅剂加到配碱槽内（或直接加到蒸煮锅内）,通过蒸煮,该除硅剂能与原料中硅生成不溶物附着在浆料上,达到降低黑液硅含量的目的。此方法适用于各种碱法制浆过程,对于麦草硫酸盐法,除硅剂用量为原料的2.5%时,黑液除硅率可达到90％以上。通过18×40m³蒸球的中型试验证实,本方法不仅能有效地除硅;还能显著地改善黑液有关蒸发、燃烧的粘度和膨润容积系数（VIE）等理化性质,且对浆料质量及后续制浆、造纸操作无不良影响,对实现稻、麦草碱回收有十分重要的现实意义。