A 1-dodecanethiol-based phase transfer protocol for the highly efficient extraction of noble metal ions from aqueous phase

A 1-dodecanethiol-based phase-transfer protocol is developed for the extraction of noble metal ions from aqueous solution to a hydrocarbon phase, which calls for first mixing the aqueous metal ion solution with an ethanolic solution of 1-dodecanethiol, and then extracting the coordination compounds formed between noble metal ions and1-dodecanethiol into a non-polar organic solvent. A number of characterization techniques,including inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrate that this protocol could be applied to extract a wide variety of noble metal ions from water to dichloromethane with an efficiency of 96%, and has high selectivity for the separation of the noble metal ions from other transition metals. It is therefore an attractive alternative for the extraction of noble metals from water, soil, or waste printed circuit boards.     

Alternative cropping systems for sustainable water and nitrogen use in the North China Plain

Serious water deficits and excessive nitrogen (N) applications are threatening the sustainability of intensive agriculture in the North China Plain (NCP). This study examined the possibility of replacing the conventional system (Con.W/M) of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize (Zea mays L.), with an optimized double cropping system (Opt.W/M), a 2-year system (winter wheat/summer maize-spring maize, W/M-M), and a monoculture system (spring maize, M) based on optimal water and N management strategies. From 2004 to 2010, a long-term field experiment conducted in the NCP showed that although >70 mm of irrigation water can be saved with Opt.W/M compared with Con.W/M, annual net groundwater use under Opt.W/M was still 250 mm, 65-90% of which was consumed during the winter wheat season. When wheat production was decreased, 35% and 61% of irrigation water could be reduced in W/M-M and M compared to Con.W/M, respectively. As a result, annual groundwater use was decreased to 190 mm in W/M-M and 94 mm in M. Meanwhile, the N fertilizer rate was reduced 59% and 72% in W/M-M and M compared to Con.W/M, respectively. There were no significant differences in net economic returns between Con.W/M and W/M-M across the 6-year period. In the 6 years, no significant economic loss was observed between Con.W/M and M except in the 2008-2010 rotation. The W/M-M and M systems showed great potential to reduce water and N application and achieve groundwater use balance, and thus should be considered for economic and sustainable agricultural development in the NCP.     

Metabolic responses of indigenous bacteria in chicken faeces and maggots to multiple antibiotics via heavy water labeled single-cell Raman spectroscopy

The use of maggots derived from chicken faeces as fish diets might serve as a vehicle for the widespread of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria(ARB) in the environment. Heavy water labeled single-cell Raman spectroscopy(D 2 O-Raman) was applied to detect the metabolic responses of indigenous bacteria in chicken faeces and maggots to different concentrations of combined colistin, kanamycin, and vancomycin. By incubating the samples with D 2 O and antibiotics, metabolically active bacterial cel...     

溪洛渡坝区下游癞子沟泥石流发育特征及堵江可能性分析

在野外详细调查、测绘的基础上,研究了癞子沟泥石流的特性,分析了泥石流堵江的可能性。研究结果表明,癞子沟是一条老泥石流沟,泥石流的性质为过渡—粘性,容重为1.8～2.2 t/m3,规模属大—特大型。通过计算和分析,癞子沟泥石流在区域性降雨条件下,不会堵断金沙江,但是在局地暴雨条件下,可能堵断金沙江。如果在200年一遇泥石流堵断的情况下,堵河的高度达20.11 m;500年一遇时,堵河的高度达30.39 m。堵江后不但会淹没大坝尾水出水口,而且导致沟口右岸的癞子沟碴场失稳,形成灾害链。     

汶川地震大型高速远程滑坡力学机理及控制因子分析

根据汶川地震典型高速远程滑坡坡体结构特点及坡体对地震动的响应,认为地震波是造成山体变形破坏的原动力,强烈的地震动是触发岩体高位剪出并被抛射的主要原因。滑坡体被抛射后,撞击铲刮坡面形成高速碎屑流作远程运动,其运动距离决定其造成危害的大小,在不考虑地震长持时的情况下,其后续运动距离决定于不同的内部控制因子,统计分析表明:发震断裂只有触发效应以及"上/下盘效应",与灾害规模无关,多半滑坡发生于平均坡度为30°～45°坡体结构,滑坡体运动距离L与其拔河高度H具有很好的相关性,坡体拔河高度越大,滑坡体滑过的区域面积及堆积体积就越大,滑坡运动距离就越远,运动性就越强,造成的灾害也就越大。     

外循环气升式反应器中光合细菌处理味精废水的研究

外循环气升式反应器（ＥＡＬＲ）中球形红假单胞菌处理味精废水,能生产单细胞蛋白。在连续供气、ＫＬａ为２４２ｈ＾－１,ＨＲＴ为１２ｈ,活性炭载体浓度为１０ｇ／Ｌ,进水ＢＯＤ５为２７５０ｍｇ／Ｌ条件下,废水ＢＯＤ５的去除率达到９２％。载体增加反应器内生物量２８％,ＳＣＰ产率系数Ｙ＝０．５９ｋｇ（ｃｅｌｌ）／（ｋｇ ＢＯＤ５·ｄ）,是无载体组的２倍。ＥＡＬＲ的生物负荷为１．６８ｋｇ ＢＯＤ５／（ｋｇ ＭＬ     

两波长定域同步荧光光谱法快速测定苯并(a)芘的研究

本文提出了快速测定环境样品中强致癌物BaP的两波长定域同步荧光光谱法(SFDW),样品经有机溶剂超声提取后,可以不经过预分离而直接用于测定,该方法操作简单、快速、灵敏,分析一个样品的时间由原来的1小时缩短为几分钟。其检测限为10~(-10)g,定量的线性范围至少可达三个数量级,该方法直接检测BaP的结果和样品经过分离后,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定的结果相近,其相对误差小于±20％,易于实现仪器化。     

电厂燃煤锅炉排放烟尘粒径和多环芳烃的分布及致突变特性

本文研究电厂UG-35/39-M型工业锅炉分别燃烧原煤和型煤时排放烟尘的径和多环芳烃的分布及其直接致突变特性.按粒径的大小将烟尘分成降尘、飘尘和烟气三部分收集,结果表明,多环芳烃主要分布在飘尘和烟气中,其中飘尘内集中了大部分高环的多环芳烃,烟气内集中了大部分低环的多环芳烃;飘尘和烟气的Ames试验致突变性之和比降尘高5—6倍,锅炉燃烧型煤排放烟尘的总量比烧原煤低50—60％,而且直接致突变性也比较低,由此看来,型煤燃烧技术是目前防治煤烟型大气污染的一种重要方法。     

膜分离-SBR技术在味精废水处理中的应用

膜分离技术可将高浓度味精废水分离浓缩为数量不等的滤过水和浓缩水,浓缩水可再次开发利用,滤过水可直接进行SBR生化处理,使外排废水稳定达到国家《污水综合排放标准》。     

印尼发生6.4级地震中国国际救援队奔赴灾区

2006年5月27日北京时间06时54分(当地时间05时54分),印度尼西亚中爪哇省日惹地区(南纬7.65度,东经109.85度)发生6.4级地震,震源深度33公里。截至6月5日已有5782人死亡,3.3万多人受伤,数千间房屋倒塌,34.3万人无家可归。预计伤亡人数还会增