Effect of fipronil on biogas production performance during anaerobic digestion of chicken manure and corn straw

Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide that has a good control effect on pests of commercial poultry. Although many studies have reported the environmental fate of fipronil, the influence of residual fipronil in poultry waste on biogas production has not been further explored yet. In this article, an experimental comparative study on anaerobic digestion (AD) of chicken manure (CM) and corn straw (CS) with different fipronil concentrations (FCs) was carried at 8% of total solid (TS) and mid-temperature (35?±?1)°C. The results showed that fipronil had a significant effect on biogas production during AD of CM and CS. When the FC is at a low level (≤10?mg·kg^?1), the biogas production rate is increased and the digestion period was shortened, while higher FC (≥ 20?mg·kg^?1) showed an inhibitory effect. During the monitoring of enzyme activity, low FC showed no significant effect on cellulase and saccharase, but the urease activity increased in the early stage. High FC showed inhibition of activity of cellulase and urease, but the saccharase activity was significantly inhibited until FC reached 40?mg·kg^?1. This study also confirms that the environment in anaerobic digester is favorable for the degradation of fipronil, and its half-life is about 15.83?days.     

Combination with catalyzed Fe(0)-carbon microelectrolysis and activated carbon adsorption for advanced reclaimed water treatment: simultaneous nitrate and biorefractory organics removal

A process combining catalyzed Fe(0)-carbon microelectrolysis (IC-ME) with activated carbon (AC) adsorption was developed for advanced reclaimed water treatment. Simultaneous nitrate reduction and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were achieved, and the effects of composite catalyst (CC) addition, AC addition, and initial pH were investigated. The reaction kinetics and reaction mechanisms were calculated and analyzed. The results showed that CC addition could enhance the reduction rate of nitrate and effectively inhibit the production of ammonia. Moreover, AC addition increased the adsorption capacity of biorefractory organic compounds (BROs) and enhanced the degradation of BRO. The reduction of NO₃^?–N at different pH values was consistently greater than 96.9%, and NH₄⁺–N was suppressed by high pH. The presence of CC ensured the reaction rate of IC-ME at high pH. The reaction kinetics orders and constants were calculated. Catalyzed iron scrap (IS)-AC showed much better nitrate reduction and BRO degradation performances than IS-AC and AC. The IC-ME showed great potential for application to nitrate and BRO reduction in reclaimed water.

     

Abundance and removal of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the rearing environments of intensive shrimp aquaculture in South China

Although research regarding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquaculture environments has gained increasing scientific interest, further studies are required to understand the abundances and removal mechanisms of ARGs during the entire rearing period of shrimp aquaculture. Thus, in this study, abundances, distributions and removal rates of ARGs in different environmental compartments of intensive shrimp farms in South China were investigated during the entire rearing period. The results indicated that sul1 and cmlA were the predominant ARGs in the water and sediment samples. Additionally, the total abundance of ARGs was higher in shrimp pond water than in the source water and farm effluent. Moreover, sediment samples indicated significantly higher ARG abundances than water samples from the shrimp ponds (P?<?0.05). Environmental factors were found to significantly affect the distribution of ARGs in shrimp rearing environments. Furthermore, stable ponds aided the removal of ARGs from shrimp pond water. This study accounted for temporal variations in ARG abundances as well as removal of ARGs in different environmental compartments during the entire shrimp rearing period. However, additional research is required to optimize the water treatment process for removal of ARGs from the aquaculture.     

加速溶剂同时萃取和净化-气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱测定土壤和沉积物中8种多溴联苯醚

建立了土壤和沉积物中8种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs,BDE-28、BDE-47、BDE-99、BDE-100、BDE-153、BDE-154、BDE-183和BDE-209)加速溶剂同时萃取和净化-气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(ASE-GC-MS-MS)的分析方法。通过优化加速溶剂萃取与弗罗里硅土在线净化和串联质谱多反应监测模式的条件,较好地去除基质干扰,并提高了三重四极杆串联质谱定性的准确性及定量的灵敏性。该方法采用改进的色谱柱能同时分析包括高溴代联苯醚BDE-209在内的8种PBDEs,其浓度范围为1～100 ng/mL(BDE-209为10～1 000 ng/mL),线性良好,线性回归系数均大于0.997。方法检出限为0.004～0.1 ng/g,方法回收率为75%～110%,方法精密度为2.4%～15.6%。适于批量处理土壤和沉积物中含有多组分痕量PBDEs的样品。     

升金湖湿地景观格局变化对越冬鹤类地理分布的影响

升金湖湿地是安徽省内的唯一以越冬鹤类为保护对象的国家级自然保护区。研究湿地景观格局变化对越冬鹤类地理分布的影响在恢复湿地生态系统、保护鹤类种群等方面具有重要参考价值。该文对升金湖湿地的白头鹤、白鹤、灰鹤及白枕鹤越冬鹤类的地理分布特征进行了分析,结合升金湖湿地1986～2017年间的8期遥感影像分析景观格局变化特征,并探讨了景观格局变化对越冬鹤类地理分布特征的影响。结果表明:1986～2017年间,升金湖湿地景观格局变化显著,斑块数量增加,景观破碎化严重。泥滩地、草滩地、建设用地、水田面积总体呈增加态势,旱地、林地、芦苇滩地及水域面积总体呈减少态势;4种鹤类数量总体呈减少趋势。鹤类主要地理分布区域为水域、水田、芦苇滩地、泥滩地及草滩地;升金湖湿地景观破碎化不断加剧,鹤类地理分布区域面积整体上在逐渐减少,适宜鹤类生境面积减少,直接导致近30年来鹤类数量逐渐减少。     

选择性吸附-高效生物降解法处理含硝基苯与苯酚混合废水

结合NDA-150型树脂（简称树脂）选择性吸附和生物降解的优点,对含硝基苯和苯酚的模拟混合废水（简称混合废水）进行处理。通过树脂的选择性吸附,使混合废水中的硝基苯和苯酚分离,随后用高效菌对树脂所吸附的硝基苯进行生物降解,同时实现树脂的再生。实验结果表明：通过调节混合废水的pH,树脂可有效地将混合废水中的硝基苯和苯酚进行选择性吸附分离;树脂对硝基苯的吸附是可逆的;树脂的再生程度受微生物对可利用硝基苯质量浓度的下限（1．2mg／L）限制;吸附-生物再生循环实验结果表明,该树脂可有效抵抗微生物的生物降解与破坏。     

经济型阳离子淀粉絮凝剂的制备及其对印染废水的处理效果

采用玉米淀粉为原料、氯化缩水甘油三甲基铵（GTA）作阳离子化试剂、水-乙醇混合液作分散剂、NaOH作碱催化剂,制备了经济型阳离子淀粉絮凝剂（简称经济型阳离子淀粉）。实验结果表明：在淀粉加入量110g、GTA加入量30g、NaOH加入量1．6g、分散剂中m（水）：m（乙醇）=1：1、m（分散剂）：m（淀粉）=0．50：1、反应温度80℃、反应时间2．5h的条件下,可制得取代度（DS）为0．31的经济型阳离子淀粉;用该经济型阳离子淀粉与聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）联用处理印染废水,当经济型阳离子淀粉加入量为140mg／L、PAM加入量为4mg/L、废水pH为8时,印染废水的色度去除率和COD去除率分别达92％和82％。该方法絮凝效果好,药剂费用低,产生的污泥少。     

基于IWCPA模型的工业节水关键技术选择

通过建立工业节水潜力分析和技术综合评价模型(IWCPA模型),筛选了影响高耗水行业用水的关键技术.选定2002年为基准年,在2010年和2020年高耗水行业取水零增长的情景设定下,进行了分行业和行业耦合的技术综合评价及技术选择,确定了重要工业用水技术实施的优先序,建立了高耗水行业重要用水技术的优选清单.结果表明,未来15a内是否能够在若干工业用水关键技术的研究、应用和推广方面取得突破,是挖掘工业节水潜力、提高工业用水效率的关键.     

延安路机动车排气污染物扩散街道峡谷扩散模式

根据上海市延安路车辆行驶工况和路旁建筑物特征,基于流体动力学理论,对延安路典型路段的大气污染扩散情况建立了城市街道峡谷扩散模型,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS进行的模拟和分析。对上海市的街道形状与汽车排放污染扩散情况进行讨论。     

粉煤灰和生石灰对生活污水污泥脱水影响研究

通过比阻和泥饼含水率的测定,进行污泥脱水的粉煤灰(含粗、细)、生石灰投加实验。单独投加实验表明,在投量10g/100mL时,细粉煤灰(0.075mm筛下)能使比阻值降低91.8%,效果稍次于生石灰;且细粉煤灰降低泥饼含水率的效果最好。联合、单独投加对比实验表明,投量10g/100mL时,粉煤灰与生石灰以1∶1(质量比)联合投加降低比阻值达99.8%,效果好于二者单独投加;但联合投加降低泥饼含水率的效果不如单独投加粉煤灰,仅与生石灰的效果相当。