International experience of green development in Western China: an overall review of policy and practice

Green development emphasizes co-development between economic and environmental dimensions, and is a people-centered sustainable development approach. Western China demands green development, and international experience could provide necessary, unique and important help and support for Western China to achieve its green development goals. This paper has made a comprehensive overall review and analysis of international experience in green development policy and its implementation, in particular, OECD countries’ (mostly Australia and Canada) experience have been analyzed following the major policy foci defined by the Task Force on Strategy and Policies on Environment and Development in Western China initiated by China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED). Data and information were gathered from the field surveys and investigations, expert meetings, as well as literature review. The main sessions include policy framework and road map establishment, implementation and performance assessment, co-development between economic development and environmental protection, as well as green employment and poverty alleviation. The paper has addressed five policy considerations for the future promotion of green development in Western China.     

腐植质与有机污染物作用研究进展

综述了腐殖质的结构特性、与有机污染物的结合性质以及腐殖质对有机污染物毒性和生物可利用率的影响。已有的研究表明:腐殖质与有机污染物的结合能力受到下列因素的影响———腐殖质的结构、腐殖质的分子量和浓度、有机物的结构、水环境条件以及光化学降解作用等;腐殖质的存在通常降低了有机污染物的毒性,但在少数情况下例外,其推测性的机理还有待于实验进一步验证;有机污染物的生物可利用率不仅与腐殖质的浓度和组成有关,还受水体PH值的影响。本文同时对腐殖质的结构和多样性的研究、腐殖质对极性有机污染物的迁移、毒性和生物可利用率的研究、腐殖质增强某些有机物毒性的机理的研究进行了展望。     

钻井废液的固液分离工艺与设备

影响钻井废液固液分离的因素包括钻井废液的稀释比例、脱稳处理药剂的种类和加量、固液分离设备。文章介绍了钻井废液处理的基本流程,分析了钻井废液pH值对固液分离效果的影响,论述了卧式螺旋卸料沉降离心机的基本结构、设备参数和操作参数对固液分离效果的影响。     

Preparation and catalytic properties of ZrO2-Al2O3 composite oxide supported nickel catalysts for methane reforming with carbon dioxide

ZrO2-Al2O3 composite oxides and supported Ni catalysts were prepared, and characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The catalytic performance and carbon deposition was also investigated. This mesoporous composite oxide is shown to be a promising catalyst support. An increase in the catalytic activity and stability of methane and carbon dioxide reforming reaction was resulted from the zirconia addition, especially at 5wt% ZrO2 content. The Ni catalyst supported ZrO2-Al2O3 has a strong resistance to sintering and the carbon deposition in a relatively long-term reaction.     

实现我国环保产业升级和跨越式发展的对策

本文分析了我国环保产业的现状及存在的问题 ,从环保产业市场的培育、实现环保产业的升级和跨越式发展提出了发展对策的建议     

块石空间定向性对土石混合体力学性质的影响

土石混合体作为一种土和石的特殊混合体,其宏观变形破坏及力学性质与块石的空间定向性密切相关。为了研究块石定向性对土石混合体变形破坏机理的影响,采用二维颗粒流软件中FISH语言编写算法生成不同角度的椭圆形块石,建立土石混合体二维颗粒流数值模型,分别进行了单块石和多块石条件下土石混合体双轴试验数值模拟,对其变形破坏机理进行了深入分析。结果表明:块石角度不同时,土体中裂纹萌生位置不同;随着块石短轴方向与最大主压力轴夹角增大,土石混合体黏聚力先减小后增加,内摩擦逐渐减小;在应力峰值前的应力平缓增长阶段,土体中裂纹迅速增长,在试样强度达到峰值后进入残余强度阶段,裂纹的增速也逐渐降低;块石角度不同时,土石混合体的剪切带破坏形式不同。     

表面喷丸对Aermet100钢耐蚀性影响

目的 探究表面喷丸处理对于Aermet100钢耐蚀性能的影响。方法 借助显微观察、电化学测量及XRD分析等手段,开展喷丸与未喷丸2类A100钢试件的中性盐雾试验。结果 腐蚀形貌上,两者腐蚀表面变化均为先出现红褐色物质,后出现红棕色与绿色絮状物,在出现变化的时间上相差约1个周期。随着腐蚀时间增长,XRD衍射峰发生右移,2类试件XRD结果均在144 h变化明显。中性盐雾试验电化学结果与海洋环境下电化学结果在溶液电阻、腐蚀产物电阻和腐蚀反应电阻上均有差异,自腐蚀电位略低,自腐蚀电流则低了2个数量级。结论 两者腐蚀现象规律一致,XRD衍射峰右移表明试件晶格参数变小。2类试件腐蚀速率呈现增加到减缓再到增加的趋势。喷丸能明显提高A100钢的耐蚀性。     

重点污染行业实施环境管理体系绩效评价指标体系构建及应用

本文针对重点污染行业特点,从能资源消耗、综合利用、环境污染和社会反响四个方面构建了重点污染行业实施环境管理体系绩效评价指标体系,并以化工行业为研究对象,评估了14家企业体系实施前与实施后的绩效。结果表明,实施环境管理体系,有利于提高企业环境效益。     

便携式GC-MS在石油污染土壤应急监测中的应用

针对石油污染土壤中VOCs含量的应急监测,便携式气相色谱-质谱联用仪适用于土壤中甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、三氯苯等13种苯系物的快速定量检测,通过对某废弃炼油厂土壤样品测定,该方法在快速定性的同时,定量测定5~20411μg/kg土壤样品具有很高的可靠性。     

2010年7-8月国内安全生产事故统计分析

文章统计了2010年7-8月国内发生的各种安全生产事故276起,其中包括矿业事故、交通事故、爆炸事故、火灾、毒物泄漏和中毒及其他事故.统计表明,在276起事故中,交通事故最多,占52.17%,其次是其他事故(20.65%)、矿业事故(11.96%)、毒物泄漏与中毒(6.16%)、爆炸事故(5.07%)、火灾(3.99%).276起事故共死亡1341人,受伤1459人,死亡人数的百分比分别为交通事故46.31%、其他事故23.04%、矿业事故9.99%、爆炸事故8.28%、火灾8.13%、泄漏中毒4.25%;受伤人数的百分比分别为交通事故40.71%、爆炸事故32.35%、其他事故10.28%,、火灾7.88%、矿业事故6.58%、泄漏中毒2.19%.