海水中Cu2+和Cr3+对PFOS在沉积物上吸附行为的影响规律

为了解重金属与全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)共存情况下,PFOS在沉积物上的吸附规律,本研究分别测定了在海水和淡水条件下添加不同浓度的Cu2+和Cr3+(0.5~50 mM)后,PFOS在沉积物上的吸附行为。结果表明,随着[Cu2+]的增加,PFOS在沉积物上的吸附能力和非线性均增强,且当溶液中PFOS浓度越低,增强作用越明显。与淡水相比,海水环境下该增强作用更为明显。随着[Cr3+]的增加,PFOS在沉积物上的吸附能力和非线性略有增强,且海水和淡水环境中增强作用几乎相同。对比发现,海水中Cu2+对PFOS在沉积物上的吸附增强效应比Cr3+更加明显。本文研究结果将有助于定量了解和预测PFOS和重金属复合污染情况下,PFOS在海水环境中的迁移规律,并为科学评价海洋环境中PFOS和重金属的生态风险及其总量控制提供技术支撑。     

Case Study Comparing Multiple Irrigated Land Datasets in Arizona and Colorado,USA

While there are currently a number of irrigated land datasets available for the western United States (U.S.), there is uncertainty regarding in how they relate to each other. To help understand the characteristics of available irrigated datasets, we compared (1) the Cropland Data Layer (CDL), (2) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Irrigated Agriculture Dataset (IAD), (3) Digitized Irrigated Land (DIL), and (4) Consumptive Use for Irrigation (CUI) data in Arizona and Colorado, U.S. These datasets were derived from multiple sources at various spatial resolutions and temporal scales. We found spatial and temporal trends among all of them. The datasets showed decreases in irrigated land area in Arizona during the 2000–2010 time period. The change ranges and ratios were similar in all Arizona datasets. Irrigated land in Colorado decreased in DIL and CUI but increased in IAD and CDL. The agreement within the same type of dataset during different time periods was from 60% to 80% (R² from 0.35 to 0.72) in Arizona and from 50% to 80% (R² from 0.23 to 0.68) in Colorado. DIL had the highest agreement (80%) in both states. The agreement among different datasets acquired at approximately the same time frame ranged from 51% to 63% (R² from 0.14 to 0.31) in Arizona and from 47% to 69% (R² from 0.32 to 0.40) in Colorado. The results from this study support a greater understanding of the multiresolution and multitemporal nature of these datasets for various applications.     

How China’s current energy pricing mechanisms will impact its marginal carbon abatement costs?

Economic and social costs and benefits are critical factors affecting greenhouse gas abatement activities. Recognizing that energy prices are one of the most important factors influencing abatement costs, this study improved the basic China Energy and Environmental Policy Analysis (CEEPA) model by introducing a current energy pricing mechanism for China. The improved model was applied to generate marginal abatement cost (MAC) curves for China including the current energy pricing mechanism and to analyze MACs for the whole country and main abatement sectors in China under different energy pricing mechanisms. The results show that China MACs are sensitive to pricing mechanisms for electricity and refined oil. Ignoring the current regulation of these prices will lead to MAC underestimation, and price liberalization of these two energy sources could lead to a decrease in China MACs. Under a 50 % emission reduction target, if the electricity price regulation is ignored, the China MAC is underestimated by almost 16 %. Energy pricing reforms will lead to variations in sectoral abatement costs and overall abatement potential, and these impacts are projected to be large in the electricity sector. Under a 50 % reduction target, if the electricity price regulation is liberalized, MAC for the electricity sector nearly will decrease 50 %.     

Microwave enhanced stabilization of copper in artificially contaminated soil

Microwave processing was used to stabilize copper ions in soil samples. Its effects on the stabilization efficiency were studied as a function of additive, microwave power, process time, and reaction atmosphere. The stabilization efficiency of the microwave process was evaluated based on the results of the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test. The results showed that the optimal experimental condition contained a 700W microwave power, 20 min process time and 3 iron wires as the additive, and that the highest stabilization efficiency level was more than 70%. In addition, the different reaction atmospheres showed no apparent effect on the stabilization efficiency of copper in the artificially contaminated soil. According to the result of the Tessier sequential extraction, the partial species of copper in the contaminated soil was deduced to transform from unstable species to stable states after the microwave process.     

慢速渗滤土地处理法去除污水中污染物的效率研究

本文就不同水质、不同水量、不同作物对慢速渗滤系统中污染物去除效率进行了探讨.通过该法与其它土地处理法和人工常规二级、三级污水处理技术对污染物去除率的比较,表明慢速渗滤土地处理法效果更好.     

三向风标数据采集及处理系统的研究

本文报告三向风标数据采集及处理系统的研究成果。概述系统的基本工作原理及其基本结构组成。对风速数据处理方法,工作软件的编程技术以及数据处理结果报表的内容作简要说明。      

水污染可控性分析的可视化系统研究

以河南省安阳市境内的万金渠为例,在国内首次提出了实现水污染可控性分析的计算机图形可视化系统的技术路线和系统设计方案,探讨了实现河流水系动态画面交互处理的可能性。为处理大量的、瞬息多变的流域水环境信息提供简单可行的技术手段,使决策者能够及时掌握和了解实际水系的各种变化情况而进行决策     

Leaching of arsenic from coal fly ashes 2. Arsenic pre‐leaching with sodium gluconate solution

The present study deals with the development of an efficient and reliable process for safe disposal of coal fly ash to remove arsenic that has been found to be the most easily leachable and hazardous heavy metal in coal fly ash. Pre‐leaching of fly ash prior to disposal by a natural chelating agent, sodium gluconate (SG), was proposed and studied. Several operational factors influencing arsenic leachability, such as concentration of SG solution, liquid to solid ratio, pH, length of leaching time and leaching temperature were examined. Arsenic was found to leach out substantially with SG, but almost no further release was observed from the ash pre‐leached by SG. After the pre‐leaching treatment, the desirable high buffering capacity of the ash was well sustained. SG solution was effectively regenerated by activated alumina adsorption so that it could be successfully reused for multiple leaching/adsorption cycles.     

硝基苯胺同牛血清白蛋白的相互作用及其毒性

运用毛细管电泳相互作用分析的峰漂移模型 ,在接近于生物大分子与配体作用所需要的生理条件下 ,测定了典型有机物邻 、间 、对 硝基苯胺三种化合物共存时与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用的结合常数 .结合常数大小顺序是 :邻 硝基苯胺 >对 硝基苯胺 >间 硝基苯胺 .根据三种物质作用前后紫外吸收强度的变化推算出的结果与实验结果具有一致性 .对这些结合常数与该三种物质的生物实验毒性她据及其分子结构参数的相关性进行比较分析 ,发现它们之间存在一定的相关性 .这表明用毛细管电泳相互作用分析方法评价硝基苯胺的生物毒性具有一定可行性 .     

从长江洪水看土壤环境保护的重要性

从１９９８ 年长江流域发生的特大洪水说起,分析从汉代到清末２０００ 年间及近４０ 年来长江流域水旱灾害的变化趋势,认为造成长江洪水灾害的原因主要是气候异常,但也与生态环境遭到破坏有关,其中土壤侵蚀、水土流失是最重要的因素。探讨了防治长江水患的对策;基于对土壤的吸水和贮水功能主要靠地被层和土壤有机质层,而水土流失是从植被破坏、地被层消失开始的,以及对古今治水、治土正反两个方面的认识,提出了治水的同时应治土的观点及５ 条有效的途径。