硫酸盐还原菌生理特性及其在废水处理中的应用

硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)是一类利用硫酸盐或者其他氧化态硫化物作为电子受体来异化有机物质的严格厌氧菌.介绍了SRB的生理特性及检测方法,在阐明SRB降解水中污染物原理的基础上,充分探讨了SRB在处理重金属废水、无机和有机废水中的应用现状及研究进展,指出SRB固定化技术是其发展的必经之路.     

涪陵页岩气田钻井岩屑资源化利用实践

总结了涪陵页岩气田开发初期钻井岩屑采用固化填埋方式处置存在占地面积大且易产生二次污染隐患等问题,因地制宜地探索钻井岩屑的资源化利用。分析了水基岩屑随钻预处理和油基岩屑热脱附技术,结合钻井岩屑的理化性质,开展了水基岩屑脱水后干渣制路基材料、制砖及水泥窑协同处置,油基岩屑灰渣制混凝土、制砖及水泥窑协同处置的探索和实践,基于环境安全、技术稳定可靠、消纳量大的原则,最终形成了涪陵页岩气田钻井岩屑资源化方案:水基岩屑"随钻预处理、水泥窑协同处置",油基岩屑"热脱附、水泥窑协同处置",实现了钻井岩屑的资源化综合利用。     

气相色谱法直接测定水中微量有机胺

用配有氢火焰离子化检测器（FID）的气相色谱仪直接测定水中多种微量有机胺。试样经过滤后直接进样,在气相色谱仪上使用CP7448毛细管柱,用外标法测定水中微量甲胺、二甲胺、一乙胺、二乙胺的含量。在所选择的色谱操作条件下,甲胺、二甲胺、一乙胺、二乙胺的质量浓度分别在一定范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系。4种组分的回收率分别为96.7％,99．0％,101．2％,99．2％;精密度分别为4．3％,3．7％,5．5％,3．1％;检出限分别为2．0,2．0,1．5,1．5mg/L。该方法操作简便,回收率、精密度高。     

化学混凝法去除稠油废水中的硅

以新疆油田稠油废水为研究对象,采用化学混凝除硅方法对稠油废水进行处理。实验结果表明:采用锌复合混凝剂的混凝、软化及镁剂除硅相结合的方法具有较好的除硅效果。确定了最佳除硅配方:NaOH的加入量为500~600mg/L,除硅剂MgCl2.6H2O的加入量为700~800mg/L,锌复合混凝剂加入量为100~150mg/L,处理后废水中SiO2的质量浓度小于50mg/L,达到热采锅炉的用水标准。     

上甸子区域本底站大气痕量活性气体的变化规律

利用TE公司C系列气体监测仪,于2005年1月1日-12月31日,在北京上甸子区域大气本底站连续观测SO2,CO,NO-NO2-NOx和O3的浓度.分析了晴天、雨天、霾天和沙尘天气条件下,不同气体的变化特征及影响因素.结果表明:(1)痕量活性气体在不同天气条件下具有不同的浓度及日变化特征,晴天和雨天日变化最小,而霾天日变化最大;(2)风向和风速是影响上甸子气体浓度变化的重要因素,同时,夏季降水对SO2和NOx的去除作用较为明显;(3)上甸子O3白天最大值与夜间最小值的比值低于4,远低于城区,不利于光化学污染的形成.     

颗粒化序列间歇式活性污泥反应器工艺处理化粪池污水

在序列间歇式活性污泥反应器(SBR)中成功培养出适应化粪池污水水质的好氧颗粒污泥.并将其应用于化粪池污水的处理.在好氧颗粒污泥培养的第15天左右,SBR中开始出现细小的颗粒,然后微生物在其上繁殖生长使颗粒逐渐增大而成熟;在第24天时,SBR中絮状活性污泥已基本实现了颗粒化.培养出的好氧颗粒污泥对化粪池污水有稳定的处理效果,在进水完全为化粪池污水时,COD、NH_4~+-N、TN的平均去除率分别为77%、61%、47%.但是,由于化粪池污水COD较低,因此无法维持较高的生物量,在后期的稳定运行过程中MLSS始终维持在2 500 mg/L左右.好氧颗粒污泥的同步硝化反硝化作用是其稳定脱氮的保证.     

Ru/γ-Al_2O_3和Ru/AC催化剂的制备及其对氨氧化反应的催化性能

分别以γ-Al_2O_3和活性炭(AC)为载体,采用浸渍法制备了Ru质量分数均为2.0%的Ru/γ-Al_2O_3和Ru/AC催化剂,并用X射线衍射仪和透射电子显微镜等方法对催化剂结构进行了表征.实验结果表明:Ru/AC中Ru沉积在AC表面,分散度较低;而Ru/γ-Al_2O_3中Ru进入到γ-Al_2O_3内部,形成了一种高度分散体系.Ru/γ-Al_2O_3对氨的催化活性高于Ru/AC,氨在Ru/γ-Al_2O_3和Ru/AC上的起活温度分别为200 ℃和266 ℃,T_(90)(氨去除率达90%时的反应温度)分别为267℃和320 ℃.随混合气体空速增大,Ru/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂的T_(90)逐渐升高,气体空速分别为3 600,4 800,5 400 h~(-1)时,T_(90)分别为235,266,303 ℃.随反应前混合气体中氨质量分数增加,氨的去除率降低.     

Degradation of pentachlorophenol by pure and mixed cultures in two different soils

GOAL, SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is the second highest volume pesticide used in the United States. It is a mutagenic compound whose exposure poses significant health effects, One of the most desirable, environmentally friendly treatment methods is bioremediation. For soil-based contamination, the effectiveness of bioremediation will also be affected by the presence of an active indigenous population, sorption of the contaminant onto the soil, and environmental parameters. METHODS: Two pure strains and their mixed culture were used to evaluate PCP biodegradation in two different field soils, Columbia (CO) and New Mexico (NM). Biostimulation of the indigenous microbes was evaluated by adding nutrients. The efficiency of adding bacteria strains (bioaugmentation) for degrading PCP was determined with Arthrobacter sp., Flavobacterium sp. and a 50:50 mixture of the two bacteria strains. RESULTS: In CO soil, only 24%, 12% and 25% of the initial PCP concentration were degraded by Flavobacterium sp., Arthrobacter sp. and mixed culture, respectively. Arthrobacter sp. was used in NM soil with two initial concentrations and achieved degradation efficiencies of 57% and 61% for 361 and 95 mg kg- concentrations, respectively. Discussion. Analysis via statistical methods showed that the bacteria had different efficiencies on PCP degradation in each soil. 2 CONCLUSIONS: All bacteria catalyzed a higher PCP degradation when present in NM soil. Second, Flavobacterium sp. degraded more PCP than Arthrobacter sp. in CO soil. The mixed culture achieved the highest degradation efficiency regardless of the initial concentration or soil origin. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES: The effect of the soil properties, such as the soil organic matter (SOM) on PCP biodegradation should be investigated. Future work can also investigate the effect of aging time on biodegradation.     

Seagrass resource assessment using remote sensing methods in St. Joseph Sound and Clearwater Harbor,Florida, USA

In the event of a natural or anthropogenic disturbance, environmental resource managers require a reliable tool to quickly assess the spatial extent of potential damage to the seagrass resource. The temporal availability of the Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery provided a suitable option to detect and assess damage of the submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). This study examined Landsat TM imagery classification techniques to create two-class (SAV presence/absence) and three-class (SAV estimated coverage) SAV maps of the seagrass resource. The Mahalanobis Distance method achieved the highest overall accuracy (86%) and validation accuracy (68%) for delineating the seagrass resource (two-class SAV map). The Maximum Likelihood method achieved the highest overall accuracy (74%) and validation accuracy (70%) for delineating the seagrass resource three-class SAV map. The Landsat 5 TM imagery classification provided a seagrass resource map product with similar accuracy to the aerial photointerpretation maps (validation accuracy 71%). The results support the application of remote sensing methods to analyze the spatial extent of the seagrass resource.