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321.
孔雀绿萃取光度法测量微量铅的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了铅(Ⅱ)—碘化钾—孔雀绿(MG)缔合显色体系。发现在pH=4.7的HAc—NaAc缓冲溶液中,MG与PbI形成稳定的缔合物,可用苯萃取,其最大吸收峰位于625nm处,摩尔吸光系数为1.2×10 ̄5L/(mol·cm),Pb(Ⅱ)浓度在0~25μg/10ml范围内符合比耳定律,缔合物的组成比为Pb(Ⅱ):I:MG=1:4:2。应用此法测定了煤飞灰标样、茶叶、自来水中的铅含量,结果令人满意。 相似文献
322.
根据水质预测结果用组合规划的方法对长江,嘉陵江重庆干流段和城区段的水污染控制提出了多个不同的方案,并对各方案进行了比较,从水质,经费和施工的可行性3个方面综合评定,筛选出优先考虑方案,同时对方案实施后的效益作出了简要的叙述。 相似文献
323.
Xue Z Hao J Chai F Duan N Chen Y Li J Chen F Liu S Pu W 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2005,55(12):1816-1826
This paper analyzes the air quality impacts of coal-fired power plants in the northern passageway of the West-East Power Transmission Project in China. A three-layer Lagrangian model called ATMOS, was used to simulate the spatial distribution of incremental sulfur dioxide (SO2) and coarse particulate matter (PM10) concentrations under different emission control scenarios. In the year 2005, the emissions from planned power plants mainly affected the air quality of Shanxi, Shaanxi, the common boundary of Inner Mongolia and Shanxi, and the area around the boundary between Inner Mongolia and Ningxia. In these areas, the annually averaged incremental SO2 and PM10 concentrations exceed 2 and 2.5 microg/m3, respectively. The maximum increases of the annually averaged SO2 and PM10 concentrations are 8.3 and 7.2 microg/m3, respectively, which occur around Hancheng city, near the boundary of the Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces. After integrated control measures are considered, the maximum increases of annually averaged SO2 and PM10 concentrations fall to 4.9 and 4 microg/m3, respectively. In the year 2010, the areas affected by planned power plants are mainly North Shaanxi, North Ningxia, and Northwest Shanxi. The maximum increases of the annually averaged SO2 and PM10, concentrations are, respectively, 6.3 and 5.6 microg/m3, occurring in Northwest Shanxi, which decline to 4.4 and 4.1 microg/m3 after the control measures are implemented. The results showed that the proposed power plants mainly affect the air quality of the region where the power plants are built, with little impact on East China where the electricity will be used. The influences of planned power plants on air quality will be decreased greatly by implementing integrated control measures. 相似文献
324.
本文对我国苏铁属植物分布、资源现状、植物濒危原因进行了初步考察和研究,提出了苏铁植物保护的四点建议。 相似文献
325.
北京市大气中多氯联苯的污染水平和分布特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用XAD树脂被动采样技术和同位素稀释高分辨气相色谱/高分辨质谱联用法(HRGC/HRMS)研究了2012年11月至2014年1月北京地区大气中多氯联苯(PCBs)的污染现状、区域分布特征及季节性变化规律.结果表明,北京大气中19种PCBs总浓度为8.42—45.2 pg·m-3(平均值23.1 pg·m-3),各采样点全年平均毒性当量范围为0.33—3.33 fg WHO-TEQ m-3(平均值1.85 fg WHO-TEQ m-3).PCB-11浓度范围为27.9—136pg·m-3,平均值为78.2 pg·m-3.大气中的PCBs以低氯代(2—5氯代)PCBs为主.季节变化规律呈现出夏/秋季节PCBs浓度高于冬/春季节的规律;区域分布特征呈现出人口密集的城区大于背景区、工业区大于城区的规律. 相似文献
326.
Congestion causes many externalities for the society, including time delays, excessive fuel consumption, air pollution, noise and safety concerns. In Shanghai, various policy options have been explored, piloted or applied; however, not all of them may be understood and accepted by the public. A survey was conducted to investigate people's attitudes towards several policy options. The main findings reveal that Shanghai residents are resistant to certain policies, such as congestion charges, higher parking charges in congested areas and car restrictions. Instead, they favor public transport provisions. The paper suggests that there is a case for promoting public transport and more efficient trips when the car ownership is still low, and for investing in a policy of educating the public on the 'true' costs and causes of congestion before embarking on ,an intensive policy of congestion charges or restrictions. 相似文献
327.
The impact of urban land expansion on soil quality in rapidly urbanizing regions in China: Kunshan as a case study 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Jian Zhang Lijie Pu Buzhuo Peng Zhonggui Gao 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2011,33(2):125-135
At a stage of rapid economic development and urbanization in China, most cities are faced with serious problems caused by
environment deterioration such as pollution, space press, afforestation degradation, and disordering. Kunshan City, one of
the most economically vigorous regions in China, has suffered a more prominent conflict between urbanization and environmental
safety. In this paper, urban land expansion in Kunshan City in the Yangtze River Delta was measured with reference to the
Landsat data recorded in 1982, 1991, 1995, and 2003 and change in land-use pattern in 1981, 1991, 1995, and 2004 as well as
that in nutrients in soils of different purposes between the periods were analyzed to study the effect of urban land-use expansion
on soil characteristics. To get a better understanding of soil nutrients, heavy metal content, and pollution, on-the-spot
investigation, sampling and laboratory analysis were all conducted, and the geo-accumulation factors and revised Nemerow comprehensive
index method were adopted for evaluation of the findings. The results show that the content of organic matter, total nitrogen,
rapidly available nitrogen, and available phosphorus in the soil (except available potassium) all increased, and the average
content of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Hg, Se, and Zn prove to be 8.61, 0.12, 83.53, 32.49, 29.93, 30.45, 0.27, 0.24, and 93.3 mg kg−1, respectively, showing degradation in soil quality. 相似文献
328.
329.
330.
Hong Wang Jay Gao Ruiliang Pu Liliang Ren Yan Kong He Li Ling Li 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(7):4013-4028
This study aims to assess the relative importance of natural and anthropogenic variables on the change of the red-crowned crane habitat in the Yellow River Nature Reserve, East China using multitempopral remote sensing and geographic information system. Satellite images were used to detect the change in potential crane habitat, from which suitable crane habitat was determined by excluding fragmented habitat. In this study, a principal component analysis (PCA) with seven variables (channel flow, rainfall, temperature, sediment discharge, number of oil wells, total length of roads, and area of settlements) and linear regression analyses of potential and suitable habitat against the retained principal components were applied to explore the influences of natural and anthropogenic factors on the change of the red-crowned crane habitat. The experimental results indicate that suitable habitat decreased by 5,935 ha despite an increase of 1,409 ha in potential habitat from 1992 to 2008. The area of crane habitat changed caused by natural drivers such as progressive succession, retrogressive succession, and physical fragmentation is almost the same as that caused by anthropogenic forces such as land use change and behavioral fragmentation. The PCA and regression analyses revealed that natural factors (e.g., channel flow, rainfall, temperature, and sediment discharge) play an important role in the crane potential habitat change and human disturbances (e.g., oil wells, roads, and settlements) jointly explain 51.8 % of the variations in suitable habitat area, higher than 48.2 % contributed by natural factors. Thus, it is vital to reduce anthropogenic influences within the reserve in order to reverse the decline in the suitable crane habitat. 相似文献