非金属矿物粉尘表面电性及其生物学危害作用探讨

在前人对矿物粉尘在不同介质中其表面活性基团的特征（表面电性、生物活性）以及由此引起的生物学危害作用机理研究的基础上,对一些非金属矿物粉尘的表面电性特征及其变化进行了系统研究,结合生物化学及分子细胞生物学理论,对矿物粉尘表面电性特征引起的生物学危害作用（致病）机理进行了探讨．结果表明,在矿物粉尘致病总毒性原因构成上,除其纤维形态特征和持久性外,其表面电性特征是不可忽视的重要因素．     

云南稻核心种质F2主要形态性状变异及地理生态研究

种质资源是水稻育种的重要基因来源.掌握育种材料遗传背景信息,可为发掘优异种质,选育优良性状新品种提供依据.以548份云南稻核心种和云南主栽籼稻品利慎屯502(Oryza satica)、粳稻品种合系35(Oryzasatica)配制的杂种F2(498份)为材料,采用群体遗传学的方法,研究云南稻核心种质杂种F2代的11个形态性状的综合变异系数、遗传多样性指数(Shannon指数)及其地理分布.结果表明:(1)F2存在明显的性状分化和遗传变异,以有效穗、穗颈长、穗下节长、每穗实粒数、秕粒数、总粒数和结实率的综合变异系数高,遗传多样性丰富;(2)滇西南(临沧、思茅、德宏、西双版纳)和滇东南(文山、红河)的材料在表型性状上存在更大的分化,综合变异系数高,遗传多样性丰富;保山、昭通、曲靖次之;怒江、丽江、迪庆、大理最低.     

云南粳稻核心种质杂种后代孕穗期耐冷性研究

以236份云南地方粳稻核心种质和云南主栽梗稻Oryza satica品种合系35配制的杂种F5、BC1F4、BC2F3和BC3F2为材料,在昆明自然低温平均17.8℃(冷害)条件下,对亲本及其后代进行孕穗期耐冷性研究.结果表明:①亲本耐冷性状间的相关性明显高于其杂种后代,不同世代间总体趋势为随着回交世代增加其性状间相关性减弱.在亲本及其杂种后代间耐冷指标性状穗颈长、穗下节长、每穗实粒数、每穗秕粒数与结实率均呈较高的(≥0.370)极显著(n=236,R0.01=0.181)相关.②株高、穗颈长、穗下节长等耐冷性状在亲本强弱耐冷系统群间的差异明显,表现为亲本耐冷性强的材料秆和穗较长、穗粒数较多,同一性状变异程度减小.但随着回交代数的增加,这些性状的平均值逐渐趋同于轮回亲本,差异减小.③穗颈长、穗下节长、每穗实粒数、每穗秕粒数与结实率在5个稻作区间的变化规律呈现一致性,亲本和F5的差异较大,而BC2F4、BC2F3和BC3F2的差异较小,且趋同于轮回亲本.通过连续回交,在BC3F1即可获得耐冷性状表现良好的材料.     

纳米二氧化硅对秀丽线虫的毒性作用研究

为探讨二氧化硅纳米颗粒(SiNP)的毒性作用.以微米SiO2和空白做对照,将尺寸为20和60 nm的SiNP分别以0.2,1.0和5.0 g·L-13个浓度对模式生物秀丽隐杆线虫进行染毒.通过第一代和第二代线虫体长、身体弯曲频率、头部摆动频率以及第一代线虫后代数目、世代时间等发育、运动和生殖的相关评价指标,对SiNP毒...     

Concentration level of heavy metals in the Great Wall Bay, Antarctica in austral summer

ＣｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｌｅｖｅｌｏｆｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓｉｎｔｈｅＧｒｅａｔＷａｌｌＢａｙ，Ａｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａｉｎａｕｓｔｒａｌｓｕｍｍｅｒ￥ＰｕＪｉａｂｉｎ；ＦｕＹｕｎｎａ；ＬｉＺｈｏｎｇｐｉｎｇ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＭａｒｉｎｅＥｎｖｉ...     

长江,嘉陵江重庆段排污负荷研究

就长江，嘉陵江重庆干流段和城区段污染物的来源以及估算污染负荷的方法进行了详细地介绍，给出各类污染源生产的污染负荷，并进行了分析比较，提出了今后重庆控制的污染物和污染源。     

Interactions of copper,cadmium and molybdenum in buffalo calves:the levels of trace element in blood,urine and tissues

Ten male buffalo calves were randomly allotted into five groups of two each. Four groups were fed with cadmium, molybdenum, cadmium-molybdenum, and copper-cadmium-molybdenum respectively for 130 days to determine the elements' metabolic interactions in calves. These results indicated that cadmium and molybdenum could increase the accumulation of molybdenum and cadmium in liver and kidneys in buffalo calves, but copper could not. reduce to normal the levels of molybdenum and cadmium in liver and kidneys caused by cadmium-molybdenum. In addition, we found the copper concentrations in liver and kindeys was significantly greater in treatment calves than in controls.     

碱矿渣水泥基铬渣固化体的性能研究

使用碱矿渣水泥基材料对含铬废渣进行了固化研究，并力图使固化体能够用作建材制品。结果表明，用碱矿渣水泥基材固化铬渣是可行的，固化体抗压强度达到了５０ＭＰａ以上，且具有良好的抗渗性能和较低的六价铬离子浸出率，能够用作建筑材料。     

固氮菌和纤维素分解菌的混合培养及其对生活垃圾降解的影响

对筛选的自生固氮菌和纤维素分解菌进行混合培养，研究了菌数与菌液含氮量的变化情况．初步探索了在两种菌混合作用下对生活垃圾的分解作用及增肥效应的影响。实验证明：两种菌在一定情况下能相互利用、相互依存，经混合培养后发酵液的含氮量增高，菌数增加。在两种菌液混合作用下可以加速生活垃圾的降解，同时提高其含氮量，且含有大量的具有生物活性的固氮菌和纤维素分解菌，可作为生物活性有机肥料。     

Metabolites change of Scenedesmus obliquus exerted by AgNPs

With increasing emission of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into the environment, it is important to understand the effects of ambient concentration of AgNPs. The biological effects of AgNPs on Scenedesmus obliquus, a ubiquitous freshwater microalgae, was evaluated. AgNPs exerted a minor inhibitory effect at low doses. Non-targeted metabolomic studies were conducted to understand and analyze the effect of AgNPs on algal cells from a molecular perspective. During the 48?hr of exposure to AgNPs, 30 metabolites were identified, of which nine had significant changes compared to the control group. These include d-galactose, sucrose, and d-fructose. These carbohydrates are involved in the synthesis and repair of cell walls. Glycine, an important constituent amino acid of glutathione, increased with AgNP exposure concentration increasing, likely to counteract an increased intracellular oxidative stress. These results provide a new understanding of the toxicity effects and mechanism of AgNPs. These metabolites could be useful biomarkers for future research, employed in the early detection of environmental risk from AgNPs.