场地土壤六价铬污染治理试验研究

为深入研究唐山市老自行车厂场区六价铬污染机理和确定治理方案,本文通过一系列的浸泡和土柱试验,查明了六价铬在场地包气带中的污染原理和硫酸亚铁还原固定治理土壤六价铬污染的可行性与相关参数。试验结果表明:污染场地内包气带中六价铬的运移主要受吸附和解析作用的控制。使用PH值为3.0,质量浓度为2.4%的硫酸亚铁溶液作为治理药剂,可将污染场地包气带中93.24%的六价铬去除。     

过氧化氢及次氯酸钠的同步电合成及其原位氨氮去除效果

利用电解法在离子隔膜电解槽反应器的阴阳极室以较高的电流效率分别合成了过氧化氢和次氯酸钠。对原位合成的次氯酸钠等含氯氧化剂的氨氮去除效果进行了考察,在初始ρ(NH_4~+-N)为1 000 mg/L和电极间距为5 mm的条件下,阴极合成过氧化氢的电流效率和TN去除率均高达100%。     

中国水资源消耗绿色贡献综合系数分析

以用水量、污水排放、BOD排放、工业废水排放4个评价因子构建中国水资源消耗绿色贡献综合系数.分析表明,全国大陆30个省、市、自治区(西藏没有污水处理厂)中,北京、辽宁、黑龙江、江西、河南、湖南、广西、贵州、云南、陕西、青海的水资源消耗绿色贡献综合系数较大,体现的是一种相对绿色发展模式;新疆、宁夏、内蒙古、海南、甘肃、重庆的水资源消耗绿色贡献综合系数小,需优化产业布局,提高水资源的利用效率,减少污染物排放.     

用最长连续无降水日建立宁夏的干旱预测概念模型

在相关普查及分析各因子物理意义的基础上,建立了宁夏不同程度干旱预测的概念模型,结果表明,影响宁夏全区不同程度干旱的大气及海洋强信号并不一定是线性关系,与大气及海洋各系统之间的相互配置,特别是高层与低层之间、中高纬与低纬之间、大气与海洋之间、各大气与海洋系统的强、弱之间及相对位置之间的配置等都有着非常重要的关系。     

语义差别法(SD)在风景区自然景观评价中的应用——以安徽省凤阳县禅窟寺景区为例

以安徽省凤阳县禅窟寺风景区为例,介绍了语义差别法（SD）在风景区自然景观评价中的应用过程：获取风景区图片资料—选择形容词对—确定评价尺度—问卷调查—分析数据—得出结论。表明利用语义差别法对风景区内的自然景观进行评价,可以方便地了解评价者对整个风景区的综合评价以及对风景区内各景观节点的景观印象,有助于制定适合于风景区自身特点的建设规划。     

Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of rivers and an estuary in Shanghai, China

Concentrations, spatial distribution and sources of 17 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and methylnaphthalene were investigated in surface sediments of rivers and an estuary in Shanghai, China. Total PAH concentrations, excluding perylene, ranged from 107 to 1707 ng/g-dw. Sedimentary PAH concentrations of the Huangpu River were higher than those of the Yangtze Estuary. The concentration of the Suzhou River was close to the average concentration of the Huangpu River. PAHs source analysis suggested that, in the Yangtze Estuary, PAHs at locations far away from cities were mainly from petrogenic sources. At other locations, both petrogenic and pyrogenic inputs were significant. In the Huangpu and Suzhou Rivers, pyrogenic input outweighed other sources. The pyrogenic PAHs in the upper reaches of the Huangpu River were mainly from the incomplete combustion of grass, wood and coal, and those in the middle and lower reaches were from vehicle and vessel exhaust.     

Concentrations of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in fish and shrimp in Jiangsu Province, China

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) concentrations were determined in 55 samples of fish, shrimp, crabs, frogs and turtles collected in Jiangsu Province and 55 freshwater shrimp samples collected from the Huiming Fish Market, Nanjing, China between 2003 and 2004. PCP concentrations ranged from less than the method detection limit (MDL: 0.5 microg/kg ww) to 61 microg/kg ww, with a mean of 5.2 microg/kg ww in 55 samples collected across Jiangsu Province and a mean of 0.5 microg/kg ww for freshwater shrimp collected from the Huiming Fish Market. Concentrations of PCP in common carp (Carassius auratus) were significantly greater than concentrations of PCP in other species from all of the areas studied. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) contained the second greatest concentrations and crustacean species contained the least concentrations. Concentrations of PCP were greater in samples collected from Southern Jiangsu than those collected from other areas of Jiangsu Province. Concentrations of PCP in the freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense) from the Huiming Fish Market were greater in March and September than those collected in June and December. Based on the allowable daily intake (ADI) set by the US National Academy of Science, current concentrations of PCP measured in aquatic products from Jiangsu Province presented minimus health risks to humans.     

亚热带低山丘陵区土壤遥感监测图像处理

用TM图像对亚热带低山丘陵地区进行土壤遥感监测时,根据该地区的环境特点,采用线性光谱混合分解、缨帽变换、纹理提取等多种图像处理方法来突出土壤信息,消除噪声。研究结果表明,仅用TM遥感图像进行土壤分类,经过去噪处理的TM6可以使土壤分类精度提高5%以上;经过其它图像处理提取的一些图像特征对某些土壤类型表现出较强的区分能力,经线性光谱混合分解处理消除植被光谱的特征图像及其纹理对水稻土的识别精度较原图像普遍提高,缨帽变换对潴育型水稻土和测渗型水稻土有最好的分类精度,但在提高总分类精度上并没有优势,除了线性光谱混合分解图像处理方法外,其它的图像处理方法得到的特征图像加入原始图像信息能起到提高总分类精度的作用。     

新型无机复合混凝剂的制备及脱色效果研究

了以铝厂赤泥为原料制备无机复合凝凝剂的工艺,以制备过程中酸溶尼所用的盐酸浓度、酸溶时间和聚合ＰＨ等进行了优化。直接耐酸大红溶液和分散黄溶液的脱色以试验结果表明,此种混凝剂的脱色效果优于聚合氯化铝和聚合硫酸铁。     

广州市生活垃圾的综合处理与利用探讨

分析了广州市现行垃圾处理方式存在的主要问题,并结合广州市垃圾的产出特点,就如何实现该市生活垃圾的综合处理,尤其是资源化利用作了探讨。