花状二维铜基卟啉气凝胶制备与气体吸附与分离性能研究

本研究针对混合气体选择性分离和二氧化碳捕获等问题,在小分子聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）和三氟乙酸的作用下控制纵向生长,通过金属铜离子与卟啉配体的自组装形成花状二维金属有机框架材料（2D Flower-like Cu-TCPP）,进一步冷冻干燥获得低密度纯2D Flower-like Cu-TCPP气凝胶.元素含量分析显示,2D Flower-like Cu-TCPP可以充分暴露金属活性位点,克服传统三维纳米材料内部位点难以被利用的缺点;比表面积（BET）分析显示,2D Flower-like Cu-TCPP比表面积为321.92 m²·g^-1,主要孔道尺寸分布在1.8 nm左右.由于充分暴露出金属活性位点Cu-O-Cu,对CO₂、N₂和CH₄表现出优异的吸附分离性能.根据Langmuir吸附等温线拟合得到,CO₂、CH₄和N₂的最大吸附量分别为7.357、2.852、2.002 mmol·g^-1.CO₂/N₂、CO₂/CH₄和CH₄/N₂的最大分离系数分别为9.86、2.52和4.00.2D Flower-like Cu-TCPP在碳捕获、混合气体选择性分离中具有较好的应用前景.     

大辽河口COD与DO的分布特征及其影响因素

分别于2010年4月、7月和11月采集大辽河口表层水样,测定水体中COD与DO的含量并探讨其分布特征及影响因素.结果表明,4月、7月和11月COD含量平均值分别为12.10、4.42和4.38 mg·L-1,COD的季节分布主要受降雨量、径流量及工业和城市污水排放的影响.空间分布上,COD从河口内向其邻近海域逐渐递减,而DO的变化趋势相反;COD的分布主要受河口两岸工农业及城市污水的排放和潮汐的影响.4月、7月和11月DO含量平均值分别为8.46、4.23和10.30mg·L-1,DO的季节分布主要受温度和耗氧有机物的影响.夏季在低盐度区出现了缺氧现象,这主要与营口有机物和营养盐的过度排放、潮汐作用和河口内水体停留时间长等因素有关.     

条件价值法在生态资产估算中的应用与进展

条件价值法(CVM)是在效用最大化理论下,利用假设市场的方式揭示公众对公共产品的支付意愿,从而评估公共物品价值的方法.该方法灵活、简单、数据获取容易、适用性较宽,自从1963年Davis R开始使用条件价值法以来,该方法在生态资产评估中的地位与重要性不断提高,在国外被广泛应用于公共物品与服务价值估价,特别是对生态资产存在价值与遗产价值的估算,文章系统地总结了条件价值法的特点、适用范围.存在的问题与争议,以及在生态资产估算中的应用与国内外进展,最后针对条件价值法的研究热点进行了前瞻性探讨与评价.     

Variation characteristics of fine particulate matter and its components in diesel vehicle emission plumes

A rapid reaction occurs near the exhaust nozzle when vehicle emissions contact the air. Twenty diesel vehicles were studied using a new multipoint sampling system that is suitable for studying the exhaust plume near the exhaust nozzle. The variation characteristics of fine particle matter (PM_2.5) and its components in diesel vehicle exhaust plumes were analyzed. The PM_2.5 emissions gradually increased with increasing distance from the nozzle in the plume. Elemental carbon emissions remained basically unchanged, organic carbon and total carbon (TC) increased with increasing distance. The concentrations of SO₄^2?, NO₃^? and NH₄⁺ (SNA) directly emitted by the vehicles were very low but increased rapidly in the exhaust plume. The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reduced 42.7% TC, 40% NO₃^? emissions, but increased 104% SO₄^2? and 36% NH₄⁺ emissions, respectively. In summary, the SCR reduced 29% primary PM_2.5 emissions for the tested diesel vehicles. The NH₄NO₃ particle formation maybe more important in the plume, and there maybe other forms of formation of NH₄⁺ (eg. NH₄Cl). The generation of secondary organic carbon (SOC) plays a leading role in the generation of secondary PM_2.5. The SCR enhanced the formation of SOC and SNA in the plume, but comprehensive analysis shows that the SCR more enhanced the SNA formation in the plume, which is mainly new particles formation process. The inconsistency between secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and primary organic aerosol definitions is one of the important reasons for the difference between SOA simulation and observation.     

基于高分辨率MARGA分析成都市PM2.5中水溶性离子污染特征

利用高分辨率MARGA对2019年成都市PM_2.5中水溶性离子展开连续监测,结合气象参数分析水溶性离子污染特征.结果表明,MARGA监测的8种水溶性离子质量浓度与PM_2.5变化趋势一致,水溶性离子年均浓度为(23.1±13.6)μg·m^-3,在PM_2.5中占比为48.6%,表明水溶性离子为PM_2.5重要组分.各离子质量浓度大小顺序依次为:NO^-₃、 SO₄^2-、 NH⁺₄、 Cl^-、 Ca²⁺、 K⁺、 Mg²⁺和Na⁺,其中二次离子(NO^-₃、 SO₄^2-和NH⁺₄)年均质量浓度为(20.2±2.7)μg·m...