北京市黑臭水体治理的动态遥感监测及影响因素分析

为及时、准确掌握黑臭水体治理进展,基于“北京二号”影像数据和同期的野外综合水体实测数据,采用深度学习算法对黑臭水体进行识别,并引入地理探测器对黑臭水体影响因素进行定量分析。结果表明：基于Faster R-CNN算法的黑臭水体遥感识别,总准确率达到90%左右,短时间内(5~33 h)即可完成北京市建成区黑臭水体的筛查工作;在空间维度上,黑臭水体主要分布在中心城区以外,并在通州区、朝阳区和大兴区较为集中;在时间维度上,专项治理期间(2015—2018年)内,黑臭水体的数量和长度总体趋势都是递减的,但偶尔也有反黑现象;2018年底,在全市建成区范围内,已全面消除黑臭现象;在一年内,第1季度水体环境最好,第2季度次之,第3季度最差,从第4季度开始好转;在北京市大兴区,土壤全氮量(贡献率为32.07%)和周边养殖场排污(贡献率为27.04%)是黑臭水体形成的主要影响因素,高程(贡献率为8%)、土壤类型(贡献率为7.6%)和土地利用类型(贡献率为6.1%)的贡献率较弱。由此可以看出,基于Faster R-CNN算法识别影像中的黑臭水体识别准确率高,可及时、准确地监测城市黑臭水体治理情况,使用地理探测器可定量分析并确定各影响因素的贡献率。本研究成果可为城市黑臭水体的动态监测和治理提供有力的技术支撑。     

调理剂-植物栽培协同降低矿区农田土壤中重金属有效态含量

定量评估重金属有效态含量是明确农田土壤修复过程中重金属生态环境风险的重要步骤。针对硫化物矿区重金属污染土壤开展添加蚕沙-铁粉及蚕沙-伊蒙土-铁粉调理剂条件下油葵、孔雀草、香茅草和桑树4种经济作物的盆栽试验,并测定经济作物与调理剂共同作用下土壤中pH、有机质及镉砷铅锌铜有效态的含量。结果显示作物栽培与调理剂共同作用下,土壤pH值在两季中均有增加,土壤有机质在第一季中增加。第一季种植4种经济作物添加蚕沙-铁粉可显著降低土壤中多种重金属有效态含量,各重金属的最高钝化效率分别为Cd 30.3%、As 49.5%、Pb33.6%、Zn 52.1%、Cu 45.7%,优于蚕沙-伊蒙土-铁粉的调理效果。第二季种植时调理剂的钝化效率普遍降低。两季综合来看,蚕沙-铁粉联合香茅草时有效态镉、砷、铅、锌、铜的降低幅度最大。因此,添加蚕沙-铁粉调理剂的四种作物单季种植时能同时降低镉、砷、铅、锌、铜有效态的含量,香茅草两季种植时能同时降低以上5种重金属有效态含量,具有潜在应用价值。     

北方滨海人工湿地水生生物群落重建效果评估——以天津临港湿地二期生态重建工程为例

为准确评估滨海人工湿地生态重建成效,科学指导工程改进方案,以重建近1年的天津临港湿地二期生态重建工程为例,通过调查重建前(2020年)和重建后(2021年)湿地水生生物群落组成变化,评价湿地生物群落重建效果。结果表明：经过近1年的生态重建,鱼类群落和底栖动物群落均得到不同程度恢复;鱼类的种类由重建前的未检出增加到10种,除泥鳅、梭鱼等增殖先锋物种未得以恢复外,其他增殖鱼类均长势良好;随着物理生境改善和先锋物种的直接投加,底栖动物数量由重建前的11种提高到重建后的28种,生物多样性明显提高;在类群组成上,底栖动物群落以自然恢复的摇蚊幼虫为主,人工投放的大型底栖物种恢复进程相对缓慢;鱼类增殖放流加剧了对浮游动物的捕食压力,造成浮游动物生物量降低和个体减小,进而导致浮游植物群落的快速响应和结构变化。基于上述研究结果,提出了水生生物群落重建优化调控建议。本研究成果可为北方滨海人工湿地重建提供借鉴。     

Effects of ambient temperature on outpatient visits for dermatitis in Xinxiang,China: a time-series analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Previous studies have reported regional variations in the relationship between ambient temperature and dermatitis, which therefore remain...     

Does regional energy consumption disparities assist to control environmental degradation in OBOR: an entropy approach

China launched the One Belt & One Road (OBOR) initiative to minimize the energy resource shortage. The China’s nearby countries are rich in energy resources especially Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and Asian countries which make them ideal locations to cooperate with China in terms of energy resources, as 42.8% of world energy consumption belongs to OBOR countries. The present study elaborates the spatial distribution pattern of energy consumption disparities and its impact on environment. To do this, an entropy approach is utilized to compute the energy consumption inequalities in OBOR and its regions. The spatial and Pareto analysis show that MENA, East, and Southeast Asian economies have the highest degree of energy consumption inequalities, while European and Central Asian economies show the lowest energy consumption inequalities in OBOR region. The long-run estimates indicate that energy consumption inequalities enhance the CO₂ emission in OBOR and its region except South and Southeast Asia. Financial development also has a significantly positive impact on CO₂ emission in all models for OBOR and its regions except East Asia. Based on findings, the spatial distribution analysis is applicable to maintain balance in regional energy consumption inequality within OBOR and its regions.

     

Plume analysis from field evaluations of a portable air quality monitoring system

ABSTRACT

Near-road measurements in Rochester, NY with a Portable Air Quality Monitoring System indicate a significant plume control of PM_2.5 black carbon (BC) concentrations. This study evaluates the performance of two portable air quality enclosures deployed at collocated research sites to determine their accuracy and usefulness in field deployments, and specifically in pollution plume analysis. One system deployed collocated sensors for measurement of particulate matter mass concentration (Thermo pDR 1500 against Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM) measurement) and the second system deployed sensors for measurement of black carbon (Magee AE33 aethalometer and Brechtel Tricolor Absorption Photometer) in ambient and near-road locations in Rochester, New York, respectively. While the optical PM_2.5 sensors tended to be biased in their determination of concentration by ~15%, they followed changes and trends in concentration very well. The black carbon sensors in the portable systems agreed very well with each other and with the collocated sensor. As a case study to determine the contribution from statistically significant short-lived excursions of pollutant concentration, Morlet wavelet analysis was performed on data from the portable system sensors. Black carbon was found to be strongly influenced by plume behavior with significant plume excursions representing just over 12% of all data points and contributing on average 1 µg/m³ of black carbon above ambient concentrations.

Implications: This paper first evaluates two air pollutant monitoring enclosures with wide applicability including near-road detection of pollutants. Then, we present a novel method to designate isolate statistically significant excursions in air pollution concentration which can be used to determine the impact of pollutant plumes as observed in PM and black carbon behavior near road.     

超声-碱破解剩余污泥的条件优化

剩余污泥水解是实现污泥减量化和解决污水处理厂生物脱氮除磷中碳源不足的重要途径。以浓缩池污泥为对象,通过正交实验对超声-碱联合处理条件进行优化,考察了污泥破解率、上清液C/N与C/P的变化,并进行经济性分析。结果表明,对污泥破解率、上清液C/N、C/P影响最大的3个因素分别为pH、声能密度、pH。综合考虑3者,得到最佳操作条件为,声能密度=1.5 W·mL⁻¹、超声时间=15 min、pH=10、碱处理时间=1.5 h,在此条件下,污泥VSS去除率可达35％左右,可以减少污泥处置的成本。上清液SCOD>7 600 mg·L⁻¹、C/N>30、C/P>60,可以制备高碳低氮磷的污泥上清液回流,在大规模应用中比外加碳源的方式要节约成本。本研究结果可为超声-碱破解污泥的实际工程提供参考。     

Insight into the dynamic microbial community and core bacteria in composting from different sources by advanced bioinformatics methods

Microbial communities are important for high composting efficiency and good quality composts. This study was conducted to compare the changes of physicochemical and bacterial characteristics in composting from different raw materials, including chicken manure (CM), duck manure (DM), sheep manure (SM), food waste (FW), and vegetable waste (VW). The role and interactions of core bacteria and their contribution to maturity in diverse composts were analyzed by advanced bioinformatics methods combined sequencing with co-occurrence network and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results indicated that there were obviously different bacterial composition and diversity in composting from diverse sources. FW had a low pH and different physiochemical characteristics compared to other composts but they all achieved similar maturity products. Redundancy analysis suggested total organic carbon, phosphorus, and temperature governed the composition of microbial species but key factors were different in diverse composts. Network analysis showed completely different interactions of core bacterial community from diverse composts but Thermobifida was the ubiquitous core bacteria in composting bacterial network. Sphaerobacter and Lactobacillus as core genus were presented in the starting mesophilic and thermophilic phases of composting from manure (CM, DM, SM) and municipal solid waste (FW, VW), respectively. SEM indicated core bacteria had the positive, direct, and the biggest (>?80%) effects on composting maturity. Therefore, this study presents theoretical basis to identify and enhance the core bacteria for improving full-scale composting efficiency facing more and more organic wastes.

     

Treatment of drilling fluid waste during oil and gas drilling: a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Oil and gas exploration and development provide important energy sources for the world, and drilling fluid is an essential engineering material for...     

关于制定地下水修复目标上限值 (风险管制值) 的建议

修复目标值是评判场地修复是否合格以及修复后地块能否安全利用的唯一标准,因此制定合理的修复目标值对于污染场地修复治理和安全利用起着至关重要的作用。大部分污染场地需要同时进行土壤和地下水修复,生态环境部发布了《建设用地土壤污染修复目标值制定指南 (试行) 》,然而地下水修复目标值制定的指南标准尚未发布。少数项目制定的地下水修复目标值过于宽松,无法保障地块的风险可控和安全利用。因此,建议借鉴土壤环境管理的思路,制定一个类似于“土壤管制值”的“地下水修复目标上限值 (风险管制值) ”。该值的制定不能只基于风险评估计算的结果,而应充分考虑每种污染物各自的理化性质、迁移转化归趋机制、环境赋存特征、健康和环境风险、国外同类标准的取值、检测方法的准确度和成本、经济社会承受能力等因素,力争做到合规合法、科学严谨、综合平衡。