全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1313篇 |
免费 | 18篇 |
国内免费 | 8篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 163篇 |
废物处理 | 44篇 |
环保管理 | 142篇 |
综合类 | 287篇 |
基础理论 | 241篇 |
环境理论 | 3篇 |
污染及防治 | 323篇 |
评价与监测 | 80篇 |
社会与环境 | 53篇 |
灾害及防治 | 3篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 11篇 |
2022年 | 14篇 |
2021年 | 23篇 |
2020年 | 17篇 |
2019年 | 15篇 |
2018年 | 39篇 |
2017年 | 41篇 |
2016年 | 44篇 |
2015年 | 36篇 |
2014年 | 43篇 |
2013年 | 61篇 |
2012年 | 54篇 |
2011年 | 127篇 |
2010年 | 104篇 |
2009年 | 119篇 |
2008年 | 94篇 |
2007年 | 69篇 |
2006年 | 38篇 |
2005年 | 55篇 |
2004年 | 31篇 |
2003年 | 36篇 |
2002年 | 34篇 |
2001年 | 19篇 |
2000年 | 16篇 |
1999年 | 23篇 |
1998年 | 18篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 19篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1963年 | 2篇 |
1961年 | 2篇 |
1959年 | 3篇 |
1958年 | 3篇 |
1957年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1339条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
111.
Christopher A. Janicak Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2008,39(6):617-621
Introduction
Occupational fatalities due to contact with electricity account for approximately 9% of all deaths in the construction industry and is the fourth leading cause of death in this industry.Method
Differences in the proportions of electrocutions in the construction industry are significantly different from other industries based upon the age of the worker and the source of the electricity.Results
This study found that, in the construction industry, the proportion of occupational fatalities due to contact with electric current is significantly higher for workers in the 16 to 19 years old age group. Contact with overhead power lines occurred more frequently with younger workers, while contact with electric wiring, transformers, and related equipment was found to occur more frequently with older workers. The proportion of fatalities due to this event was also found to account for a significantly greater proportion of fatalities in the construction industry overall.Impact on industry
The proportions of electrocution fatalities in the construction industry were found to be significantly higher for younger workers when compared to all other industries. Focusing prevention measures toward younger workers who work near overhead power lines could have a significant impact upon death rates. For older workers, the focus should be on those who work on or near transformers, electrical wiring, and components. Across the construction industry, implementation of effective lockout-tagout programs, and verification of energy isolation, can prevent approximately 125 fatalities per year in the construction industry. 相似文献112.
Markéta Julinová Marie Dvořáčková Jan Kupec Jitka Hubáčková Martina Kopčilová Jaromír Hoffmann Pavol Alexy Anna Nahálková Ida Vašková 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2008,16(4):241-249
Improving biodegradability of PVA/starch blends is a reality already documented by a number of works. Admittedly, mechanical
properties of products (for example, tensile strength) are somewhat worse, but suitable composition optimizing or chemical
modifying of starch may eliminate the problem to a large degree. This work is an attempt to find another potential effect
influencing biodegradability, that of technological procedure for producing films from these blends on an extruder. The procedure
with a so-called pre-extrusion step (two-stage) and dry-blend (single-stage) produced blends of slightest differences in achieved
biodegradability (virtually within limits of experimental error) in aerobic (76 vs. 79%) as well as anaerobic breakdown (48
vs. 52%). Conversely, morphological analysis exhibited superior homogeneity of films prepared by the two-stage process; their
tensile strength was also higher. 相似文献
113.
Flow injection spectrophotometric determination of methamidophos using online hydrolysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mohammad Rasul Jan Jasmin Shah Nadia Bashir M. Salman 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,167(1-4):685-689
A new protocol for the online spectrophotometric determination of methamidophos has been developed. The method is based on online hydrolysis of methamidophos, and the resulting hydrolyzed product is reacted with sodium nitroproside to form a colored complex. The calibration curve is linear over the concentration range of 0.5–20 μgml?–?1, with a molar absorptivity of 2.5×104 L mol?1 cm?1. The method is fast and reproducible with a sample throughput of 90 samples/h. The method is successfully applied to formulations and real samples. 相似文献
114.
John MorrisseyAuthor Vitae Usha Iyer-RanigaAuthor VitaeAnthony MillsAuthor Vitae 《Environmental Impact Assessment Review》2012,33(1):55-65
Actors in the built environment are progressively considering environmental and social issues alongside functional and economic aspects of development projects. Infrastructure projects represent major investment and construction initiatives with attendant environmental, economic and societal impacts across multiple scales. To date, while sustainability strategies and frameworks have focused on wider national aspirations and strategic objectives, they are noticeably weak in addressing micro-level integrated decision making in the built environment, particularly for infrastructure projects. The proposed approach of this paper is based on the principal that early intervention is the most cost-effective and efficient means of mitigating the environmental effects of development projects, particularly macro infrastructure developments. A strategic overview of the various project alternatives, taking account for stakeholder and expert input, could effectively reduce project impacts/risks at low cost to the project developers but provide significant benefit to wider communities, including communities of future stakeholders. This paper is the first exploratory step in developing a more systematic framework for evaluating strategic alternatives for major metropolitan infrastructure projects, based on key sustainability principles. The developed Strategic Project Appraisal (SPA) framework, grounded in the theory of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), provides a means of practically appraising project impacts and alternatives in terms of quantified ecological limits; addresses the neglected topic of metropolitan infrastructure as a means of delivering sustainability outcomes in the urban context and more broadly, seeks to open a debate on the potential for SEA methodology to be more extensively applied to address sustainability challenges in the built environment. Practically applied and timed appropriately, the SPA framework can enable better decision-making and more efficient resource allocation ensuring low impact infrastructure development. 相似文献
115.
Claudia Pahl-Wostl Christoph Schlumpf Martin Büssenschütt Andreas Schönborn Jan Burse 《Integrated Assessment》2000,1(4):267-280
Within the CLEAR project a new approach to integrated assessment modelling has been developed for the participatory integrated
assessment of regional climate change involving citizens' focus groups. The climate change decision problem was structured
by focusing separately on climate impacts and mitigation options. The attempt was made to link the different scales of the
problem from the individual to the global level. The abstract topic of climate change was related to options on the level
of a citizen's individual lifestyle. The option of a low energy society was emphasised in order to embed the climate change
decision problem in a wider range of societal concerns. Special emphasis was given to the characterisation and communication
of uncertainties. The chosen approach allows different kinds of uncertainties in one framework to be addressed. The paper
concludes with a summary of the experience made, and recommendations for the use of models in participatory integrated assessments.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
116.
A sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for determination of ametryn in agricultural samples. The proposed
method was based on reaction with pyridine and further coupling with sulfanilic acid to form a colored product. The absorbance
was measured at 400 nm with a molar absorptivity of 2.1 × 105 L mol−1 cm−1. The method shows a linear range from 0.2–20 μg mL−1 with limit of detection and limit of quantification 0.16 and 0.54 μg mL−1, respectively. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of ametryn in sugarcane juice and commercial
formulations after separation of ametryn from triazine herbicides based on solvent extraction. Recovery values were found
to be in the range of 96.0 ± 0.2% to 98.4 ± 0.1%. 相似文献
117.
At present, dynamic land use, climate change, and growing needs for fresh water are increasing the demand on the ecosystem effects of forest vegetation. Mountainous areas are at the forefront of scientific interest in European forest ecology and forest hydrology. Although uplands cover a significant area of the Czech Republic and other countries and are often covered with forest formations, they do not receive an appropriate amount of attention. Therefore, two experimental upland head micro-watersheds in the Bohemian Massif were selected for study because they display similar natural conditions, but different vegetative conditions (forest versus meadow). During the 2011 growing season, short-term streamflow measurements were carried out at the discharge profiles of both catchments and were evaluated in relation to climatic data (rainfall and temperature). The basic premise was that the streamflow in a forested catchment must exhibit different temporal dynamics compared to that in treeless areas and that these differences can be attributed to the effects of woody vegetation. These conclusions were drawn from measurements performed during dry periods lasting several days. A decreasing streamflow trend during the day part of the day (0900–1900 hours) was observed in both localities. The decrease reached approx. 44 % of the initial morning streamflow (0.24 dm3 s?1 day?1) in the treeless catchment and approx. 20 % (0.19 dm3 s?1 day?1) in the forested catchment. At night (1900–0900 hours), the streamflow in the forested catchment increased back to its initial level, whereas the streamflow in the treeless catchment stagnated or slowly decreased. We attribute these differences to the ecosystem effects of woody vegetation and its capacity to control water loss during the day. This type of vegetation can also function as a water source for the hydrographic network during the night. 相似文献
118.
Patrick Riefer Timm Klausmeyer Andreas SchäFfer Jan Schwarzbauer Burkhard Schmidt 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):394-403
Anthropogenic contaminants like nonylphenols (NP) are added to soil, for instance if sewage-sludge is used as fertilizer in agriculture. A commercial mixture of NP consists of more than 20 isomers. For our study, we used one of the predominate isomers of NP mixtures, 4-(3,5-dimethylhept-3-yl)phenol, as a representative compound. The aim was to investigate the fate and distribution of the isomer within soil and soil derived organo-clay complexes. Therefore, 14C- and 13C-labeled NP was added to soil samples and incubated up to 180 days. Mineralization was measured and soil samples were fractionated into sand, silt and clay; the clay fraction was further separated in humic acids, fulvic acids and humin. The organo-clay complexes pre-incubated for 90 or 180 days were re-incubated with fresh soil for 180 days, to study the potential of re-mobilization of incorporated residues. The predominate incorporation sites of the nonylphenol isomer in soil were the organo-clay complexes. After 180 days of incubation, 22 % of the applied 14C was mineralized. The bioavailable, water extractable portion was low (9 % of applied 14C) and remained constant during the entire incubation period, which could be explained by an incorporation/release equilibrium. Separation of organo-clay complexes, after extraction with solvents to release weakly incorporated, bioaccessible portions, showed that non-extractable residues (NER) were preferentially located in the humic acid fraction, which was regarded as an effect of the chemical composition of this fraction. Generally, 27 % of applied 14C was incorporated into organo-clay complexes as NER, whereas 9 % of applied 14C was bioaccessible after 180 days of incubation. The re-mobilization experiments showed on the one hand, a decrease of the bioavailability of the nonylphenol residues due to stronger incorporation, when the pre-incubation period was increased from 90 to 180 days. On the other hand, a shift of these residues from the clay fraction to other soil fractions was observed, implying a dynamic behavior of incorporated residues, which may result in bioaccessibility of the NER of nonylphenol. 相似文献
119.
120.
Lifjeld JT Kleven O Jacobsen F McGraw KJ Safran RJ Robertson RJ 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(9):1687-1697
When males become more ornamented and reproduce more successfully as they grow older, phenotypic correlations between ornament
exaggeration and reproductive success can be confounded with age effects in cross-sectional studies, and thus say relatively
little about sexual selection on these traits. This is exemplified here in a correlative study of male fertilization success
in a large colony of American barn swallows (Hirundo rustica erythrogaster). Previous studies of this species have indicated that two sexually dimorphic traits, tail length and ventral plumage coloration,
are positively correlated with male fertilization success, and a mechanism of sexual selection by female choice has been invoked.
However, these studies did not control for potential age-related variation in trait expression. Here, we show that male fertilization
success was positively correlated with male tail length but not with plumage coloration. We also show that 1-year-old males
had shorter tails and lower fertilization success than older males. This age effect accounted for much of the covariance between
tail length and fertilization success. Still, there was a positive relationship between tail length and fertilization success
among older males. But as this group consisted of males from different age classes, an age effect may be hidden in this relationship
as well. Our data also revealed a longitudinal increase in both tail length and fertilization success for individual males.
We argue that age-dependent ornament expression and reproductive performance in males complicate inferences about female preferences
and sexual selection. 相似文献