People's perception of crime and incivilities vary considerably depending on their attitudes towards environmental conditions. This paper investigated the hypothesised relationships between Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED), victimisation and fear of crime. The checklist was administered by using on-site observation to measure the CPTED construct followed by a self-administered questionnaire to explore the residents' perceptions of victimisation and fear of crime in their area of residency. In all, 164 respondents from a selected group of residents were involved in this study. The structural equation modelling technique was employed and the results indicate that CPTED is negatively related to victimisation. The model also shows that there is a significant positive direct influence of victimisation on fear of crime. However, no direct significant relationship was found between CPTED and fear of crime, but a negative indirect relationship between CPTED and fear of crime was observed through victimisation. 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cigarette butt (CB) is a crucial litter in urban communities because it may contain various toxicants. Due to serious limitations on... 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Pollution of the potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is a major concern in the metal ore-mining environment. Active polymetallic industries and mines... 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study assesses the occurrence of trace elements (TEs) in sediments of the southern Caspian Sea. A total of 16 shoreline sediment samples and 15... 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To commercialize the biocementation through microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP), the current study aimed at replacing the costly standard... 相似文献
The purpose of this work is to study the co-cultivation of Chlorella sp. and wastewater wild algae under different cultivation conditions (i.e. CO2, light intensity, cultivation time, and inoculation ratio) for enhanced algal biomass and lipid productivity in wastewater medium using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results show that mixed cultures of Chlorella sp. and wastewater wild algae increase biomass and lipid yield. Additionally, findings indicate that CO2, light intensity and cultivation time significantly affect algal productivity. Furthermore, CO2 concentration and light intensity, and CO2 concentration and algal composition, have an interactive effect on biomass productivity. Under different cultivation conditions, the response of algal biomass, cell count, and lipid productivity ranges from 2.5 to 10.2 mg/mL, 1.1 × 106 to 8.2 × 108 cells/mL, and 1.1 × 1012 to 6.8 × 1012 total fluorescent units/mL, respectively. The optimum conditions for simultaneous biomass and lipid accumulation are 3.6% of CO2 (v/v), 160 µmol/m2/s of light intensity, 1.6/2.4 of inoculation ratio (wastewater-algae/Chlorella), and 8.3 days of cultivation time. The optimal productivity is 9.8 (g/L) for dry biomass, 8.6 E + 08 (cells/mL) for cell count, and 6.8 E + 12 (Total FL units per mL) for lipid yield, achieving up to four times, eight times, and seven times higher productivity compared to nonoptimized conditions. Provided is a supportive methodology to improve mixed algal culture for bioenergy feedstock generation and to optimize cultivation conditions in complex wastewater environments. This work is an important step forward in the development of sustainable large-scale algae cultivation for cost-efficient generation of biofuel.
Exposure to perchlorethylene, especially for dry cleaning workers and for people living near dry cleaning shops, could lead to several diseases and disorders. This study examines the value of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for sampling perchlorethylene in the atmosphere of dry cleaning shops. Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) in 0.5-cm retracted mode was selected. There were no significant differences between sampling rates at different temperatures (range of 20 to 30 °C) and air velocities (2 to 50 cm/s). On the opposite, relative humidity (RH) had a significant effect on sampling rates. Method reproducibility was realized in the laboratory and field conditions and was 6.2 % and 7 to 11 %, respectively. Repeatability was also determined as 8.9 %. Comparison of the results according to the American Industrial Hygiene Association exposure assessment strategy showed the SPME sampler yields more conservative results in comparison with traditional standard method. 相似文献
The heavy metal (Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni) content of a fish species consumed by the Sistan population and its associated health risk factors were investigated. The mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Cr were slightly higher than the standard levels. The Ni content of fish was below the maximum guideline proposed by the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA). The average estimated weekly intake was significantly below the provisional tolerable intake based on the FAO and WHO standards for all studied metals. The target hazard quotients (THQ) of all metals were below 1, showing an absence of health hazard for the population of Sistan. The combined target hazard quotient for the considered metals was 26.94 × 10?3. The cancer risk factor for Pb (1.57 × 10?7) was below the acceptable lifetime carcinogenic risk (10?5). The results of this study reveal an almost safe level of Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni contents in the fish consumed by the Sistan population.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Landfilling is known to be the most widely used method in municipal solid waste management in many countries. Landfill leachate containing different... 相似文献
Millions of tons of plastic are consumed annually in the world due to its significant characteristics such as durability, flexibility, and low weight. High consumption has made plastic one of the most important municipal solid waste compounds, the quantity of which has increased in recent decades. Plastic solid wastes are known as a threat to the environment, and its efficient management in various aspects such as cost–benefit requires decision-making tools. This study was assessing the cost–benefit of plastic solid waste management by development of an economic model, and definition of different scenarios to change plastic solid waste management status. The results showed that 8971 tons of plastic solid waste were generated annually in the studied city. The plastic solid wastes were finally transferred to either recycling or landfilling site through 5 identified routes. 83 percent of the total recycled plastic solid waste was due to post-separation routes, and only 7.7 percent of the total plastic solid waste was recycled from the source separation route. The economic comparison of scenarios showed that with the aggregation of post-separation routes, the net revenue of plastic solid waste management increases by 334,000 euro per year while increasing the public participation and the ratio of source separation route raises net revenue by 875,000 euro per year, which was the best economic condition among the scenarios. Using life cycle cost method and it’s respected developed economic model truly satisfied the conditions of both, the current plastic solid waste management and the alternative scenarios, and hence can be adopted as a tool for decision-making.
