Determination of metal partitioning in porewater extracted from the Seine River Estuary sediment (France)

Total dissolved trace and major metals and their partitioning in porewater sediment have been investigated at two sites in the Seine River estuary (France). For this purpose, solid phase extraction (SPE) has been employed using specific chelating resins for the separation and preconcentration of organic and inorganic forms of studied metals under controlled (N2) inert atmosphere. In fact, the study is focused on the development of a method for sample collection and handling under inert atmosphere in order to avoid some potential artefacts of the extracted porewater, to preserve the samples from possible chemical oxidation changes and to determine metals partitioning between organic and inorganic forms. For this point, a separation and preconcentration method using two columns in series (chelamine and C18 columns) was used. The trace and major metals fixed on the two resins for all determinations were stripped by nitric acid (2 M) and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and Zeeman Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (ZGF-AAS). The relationship between the distribution of metals and physico-chemical parameters such as pH and Eh (redox potential) as a function of depth was discussed. Some tendency in the distributions and seasonal variability of these traces and major metals are improved. The concentrations for all studied metals decreased as a function of depth where iron and manganese were found at mg L(-1) levels and other metals were found at [micro sign]g L(-1) levels, as well as there were significant fractions of all metals (except of manganese) which were complexed by organic matter. The comparison of data for the major elements (Fe and Mn), obtained by direct determination (without preconcentration) and preconcentration, show a very good recovery.     

Urban recreational water – potential breeding ground for antibiotic resistant bacteria?

<正>The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, or"superbugs," has become an urgent and worldwide concern.Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) cause significant morbidity and mortality (O'Neill, 2016). It has been estimated that ARB cause at least 23,000 deaths annually in the United States alone and hundreds of thousands of deaths in developing countries (Bougnom and Piddock, 2017). Antibi-     

Photocatalytic degradation of methylbutandioic acid (MBA) in aqueous TiO2 suspension: influences of MBA adsorption on the solid semi-conductor

In the present work we describe the photocatalytic degradation of methylbutandioic acid (MBA), focusing particularly on adsorption of the MBA on TiO₂ surface. We observe a very fast surface carboxylate formation, a decrease of the surface carboxylates during the reaction and an apparent zero order kinetic for the degradation of MBA. We conclude that the main way of MBA degradation is its reaction in the solution, and not on the surface of TiO₂. The influence of the surface carboxylates on the efficiency of the catalyser is under study.     

北京城区公园及其邻近道路国槐叶面尘分布与重金属污染特征

叶面尘可以反映一段时间、一定区域内空气颗粒物的污染状况.为了探究城市公园环境和道路环境的空气颗粒物污染差异,同时采集了北京市12座公园及邻近道路的国槐(Sophora japonica)叶面尘,对比分析其滞尘量、粒径分布、重金属含量的差异,并探讨了重金属的可能来源,结果表明:行道树国槐滞尘量显著高于公园国槐(p =0.041),但后者富集了更多粒径范围在2～ 20 μm之间的颗粒物.叶面尘中的重金属污染程度表现为Cu ＞Pb ＞Zn ＞Cr＞ Ni＞ Mn,其中,Cu、Pb和Zn达到中度污染水平,公园国槐叶面尘重金属元素的含量一般高于行道树国槐.公园国槐叶面尘重金属主要来源于交通排放,其次来自土壤母质,小部分来自工业排放和化石燃料燃烧排放等;行道树国槐叶面尘重金属最重要的来源是交通排放,其次是非特定源(工业排放、化石燃料燃烧排放、地面灰尘的二次扬尘及土壤母质等).本文的研究结果表明,严格控制交通排放是缓解北京城市灰尘污染的重要途径.     

不同配比复合材料对农田镉污染土壤的修复效果

通过盆栽试验研究了3种不同配比复合材料SC(石灰+有机复混肥以2∶3配施)、LS(硫酸亚铁+石灰以1∶1配施)和LB(硫酸亚铁+生物炭以1∶1、1∶2、1∶3、1∶4和1∶5配施)在不同添加量下对土壤Cd的生物有效性、小麦各部位Cd累积分布及产量的影响.结果表明:①添加3种复合材料均显著降低了土壤有效态Cd含量,降幅分别为50. 2%～81. 8%(SC)、29. 4%～48. 1%(LS)和18. 7%～42. 2%(LB);添加3种复合材料显著提高了土壤pH值,增幅分别为1. 37～2. 28(SC)、0. 41～0. 86(LS)和0. 14～0. 17(LB)个单位.②Cd在小麦各部位的累积分布规律为根叶茎颖壳籽粒,小麦各部位对Cd的转运能力表现为根颖壳茎叶.③与对照相比,添加0. 67%的SC显著增产56. 4%,添加0. 67%的LS显著增产51. 2%;添加复合材料LB可显著提高小麦产量,增幅为39. 6%～51. 2%.④相关分析表明,土壤pH值与土壤有效态Cd、小麦各部位Cd含量呈显著负相关关系;土壤有效态Cd含量与小麦各部位Cd含量呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0. 711(籽粒)、0. 817(颖壳)、0. 593(茎)、0. 630(叶)和0. 622(根);同时,小麦各部位Cd含量之间也存在显著或极显著正相关关系.⑤综合比较,添加0. 93%的SC使土壤pH增幅最大为2. 28个单位;土壤有效态Cd含量降幅最大为81. 8%.因此,添加0. 93%的SC最适用于农田Cd污染土壤的修复治理.     

长江流域生态系统可持续管理策略

长江流域涉及长江经济带发展和长三角一体化发展两大国家区域协调发展战略,但生态环境问题仍然是长江流域可持续发展面临的严峻挑战,加强长江流域生态系统可持续管理策略研究具有重大意义.长江流域的环境管理策略大致经历了以水量管理、污染物排放总量管理和水质目标管理三个阶段.在统一生态环境监管职能、实现五个“打通”的新形势下,长江流域生态环境管理策略必将由水质目标管理快速向生态系统可持续管理转变.在分析长江流域生态系统保护修复取得的积极进展和面临的严峻形势的基础上,提出了长江流域生态系统可持续管理策略:①规划和建设服务于应急预警和管理决策的长江生态系统观测网络,推动不同层级、不同职能部门、空天地一体化的多源数据融合,提高生态环境监测网络的数据时空精度和反应速度,开展水陆统筹、“山水林田湖草”生命共同体综合观测;②加强长江生态系统结构、过程、功能和服务的综合性、整体性研究,主要开展长江流域生态系统综合研究、重点区域生态系统研究和突出生态问题专题研究,不断创新科研与管理深度融合的科研模式,把论文写在祖国大地上;③制定长江社会-经济-自然复合生态系统保护修复可持续发展目标及分阶段分区域目标,促进水资源、水环境、水生态、陆域生态和水陆交错带的持续改善以及生态环境系统与社会经济系统的持续协同;④提出长江生态系统保护修复的整体性、综合性和针对性、差异化的解决方案,推动长江流域生态系统健康可持续发展目标的早日实现和重点区域、突出问题的尽快解决.      

荆州市污水处理厂污泥处置BOT项目的启示

介绍了荆州市污水处理厂污泥处置的现状,以及污泥无害化处置BOT项目的技术路线选择、营养土的市场分析、拦标价的测算和设定、BOT融资方式的优势等关键问题;分析了该项目的技术路线和融资模式,以及对国内污水处理厂污泥处置项目的示范作用和意义。     

Fate and toxicity of endosulfan in Namoi River water and bottom sediment

Endosulfan (6,7,8,9,10,10,-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine-3-oxide) sorption (standardized to 1% total organic carbon and dry weight) was significantly (P < 0.05) more concentrated on the large (>63 microm) particle fraction compared with smaller size fractions (<5 microm and 5-24 microm) of bottom sediments from the Namoi River, Australia. Following completion of the particle size fractionation (6 to 12 wk) and a sediment toxicity assessment (2 wk), the sediments showed large decreases in concentrations of alpha-endosulfan that coincided with an increase in endosulfan sulfate concentrations and minimal changes in beta-endosulfan concentrations. In the Namoi River, similar patterns were observed in the composition of total endosulfan in monthly measurements of bottom sediments and in passive samplers placed in the water column following runoff from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields. The toxicity of endosulfan sulfate in river water indicated by the nymphs of the epibenthic mayfly Jappa kutera, was more persistent than the alpha- and beta-endosulfan parent isomers due to its longer half-life. This suggests that endosulfan sulfate would contribute most to previously observed changes in population densities of aquatic biota. Measured concentrations of total endosulfan in river water of up to 4 microg L(-1) following storm runoff, exceed the range of the 96-h median lethal concentration (LC50) values in river water for both alpha-endosulfan (LC50 = 0.7 microg L(-1); 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.5 to 1.1) and endosulfan sulfate (LC50 = 1.2 microg L(-1); 95% CI = 0.4 to 3.3). In contrast, the 10-d LC50 value for total endosulfan in the sediment toxicity test (LC50 = 162 microg kg(-1); 95% CI = 120 to 218 microg kg(-1)) was more than threefold higher than the highest measured concentration of total endosulfan in field samples of bottom sediment (48 microg kg(-1)). This suggests that pulse exposures of endosulfan in the water column following storm runoff may be more acutely toxic to riverine biota than in contaminated bottom sediment.