MBR处理腈纶废水的效能及微生物群落结构分析

采用序批式膜生物反应器(SBMBR)处理腈纶聚合废水和丙烯腈废水,考察了不同废水比例和运行条件下反应器的运行效果,并采用PCR-DGGE技术分析了反应器内微生物群落结构的变化.结果表明,SBMBR对腈纶废水具有较好的处理效果,碳源和碱度不足是影响脱氮效果的两个主要因素;在水力停留时间为24 h,90 min缺氧/150 min好氧交替运行的条件下,COD、NH+4-N和TN的平均去除率分别为82.5%、98.7%和74.6%,出水水质可以稳定达到国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)的一级标准;PCR-DGGE分析结果表明,反应器内微生物多样性与进水水质和运行条件密切相关,微生物群落呈现出较明显的演替过程;通过克隆测序,从9个污泥样品中成功鉴定获得22种微生物的16S r DNA序列,并筛选出7种降解腈纶废水的优势菌种.     

电芬顿反应原理研究进展

电芬顿法作为一种新型电化学氧化技术,因其强氧化能力以及环境友好的特性引起了国内外的广泛关注.电芬顿反应通过电极产生H2O2和（或）Fe2＋,进行一系列反应生成具有强氧化能力的羟基自由基·OH.为了提高电子传递速度,产生更多芬顿试剂,国内外学者研发出不同类型的电芬顿反应器.通过分析电芬顿反应中·OH浓度与有机物浓度间的关系,大多数学者在准一级反应动力学基础上确定了反应常数,然而,目前其应用仍只停留在实验室阶段,电芬顿技术的效率及机理仍需要进一步研究改进.     

鱼腥藻在满江红-鱼腥藻共生体系去除水中铀时的作用

通过分离有藻满江红中的鱼腥藻,获得无藻满江红和鱼腥藻.采用水培试验的方法分别研究了无藻满江红、有藻满江红和鱼腥藻对水中铀的去除行为,并采用红外光谱技术分析了它们富集铀前后化学基团的变化.结果表明,对于初始浓度分别为2.5和5.0 mg·L-1的铀溶液,在有藻满江红的作用下,分别经过27和36 d生物富集后浓度能降低至GB 23727-2009规定的0.05 mg·L-1排放标准以下,而在无藻满江红和鱼腥藻的作用下,铀浓度无法达到排放标准.相对于无藻满江红,鱼腥藻提高了有藻满江红对水中铀的富集量、富集系数及对铀的抗胁迫能力,从而提高了有藻满江红对水中铀的去除效率.红外分析表明,在富集铀后,与无藻满江红相比,有藻满江红体内出现了芳环和醇类或苷类化合物,而这些新的物质是鱼腥藻在富集铀的过程中产生的,其可能促进了有藻满江红对铀的富集.     

Spatial and seasonal variability of CO2 flux at the air-water interface of the Three Gorges Reservoir

Difusive carbon dioxide(CO2) emissions from the water surface of the Three Gorges Reservoir, currently the largest hydroelectric reservoir in the world, were measured using floating static chambers over the course of a yearlong survey. The results showed that the average annual CO2 flux was(163.3 ± 117.4) mg CO2/(m2·hr) at the reservoir surface, which was larger than the CO2 flux in most boreal and temperate reservoirs but lower than that in tropical reservoirs. Significant spatial variations in CO2 flux were observed at four measured sites, with the largest flux measured at Wushan(221.9 mg CO2/(m2·hr)) and the smallest flux measured at Zigui(88.6 mg CO2/(m2·hr)); these diferences were probably related to the average water velocities at diferent sites. Seasonal variations in CO2 flux were also observed at four sites, starting to increase in January, continuously rising until peaking in the summer(June-August) and gradually decreasing thereafter. Seasonal variations in CO2 flux could reflect seasonal dynamics in pH, water velocity,and temperature. Since the spatial and temporal variations in CO2 flux were significant and dependent on multiple physical, chemical,and hydrological factors, it is suggested that long-term measurements should be made on a large spatial scale to assess the climatic influence of hydropower in China, as well as the rest of the world.     

高铝粉煤灰开发利用的意义及工艺技术对比分析

内蒙古中西部和山西北部等地区的部分煤炭资源中赋存丰富的含铝矿物,用于发电后产生的粉煤灰中氧化铝含量达40-50％,是一种宝贵的具有较高经济开发价值的含铝资源。本文首先介绍了加强高铝粉煤灰资源开发利用的意思及高铝粉煤灰资源现状,然后叙述了目前国内外利用高铝粉煤灰提取氧化铝主要生产工艺及工艺特点,并对不同工艺的能源消耗进行了对比分析。     

黄土丘陵区柠条人工林不同深度土壤呼吸速率对土壤温湿度的响应

明确气候变化背景下生态脆弱区土壤呼吸速率特征和土壤温湿度对其影响,对准确评估和预知该区碳收支具有重要意义.以陕北黄土丘陵区自然撂荒地22 a柠条人工纯林为研究对象,通过CO₂分析仪和温湿度传感器测定不同土层（10、50和100 cm） CO₂浓度平均值和土壤温湿度,采用Fick第一扩散系数法计算土壤呼吸速率,探究不同土层土壤温度、土壤湿度和土壤呼吸速率的动态变化特征,并进一步分析不同土层土壤呼吸速率对土壤温湿度的响应.结果表明,土壤呼吸速率日变化随土层深度增加显著降低（P<0.05）,峰值出现时间存在滞后现象,相邻土层间（10、50和100 cm）土壤呼吸速率由上至下均滞后1 h;6~9月土壤呼吸速率月变化为多峰曲线,其中10、50和100 cm土层土壤呼吸速率最大值分别在7月25日、8月6日和8月10日,达13.96、2.96和1.47 μmol ·（m² ·s）^-1;土壤温度对土壤呼吸速率影响随土层深度增加而减弱,50 cm及以下土层土壤温度对土壤呼吸速率无显著影响（P>0.05）,10 cm土层指数拟合最优,R²=0.96,50 cm和100 cm土层拟合较差,R²分别为0.00和0.01,温度敏感系数Q₁₀随土层深度增加而减小;不同土层土壤湿度对土壤呼吸速率影响均显著（P<0.05）,二次拟合表现为50 cm （R²=0.35）>10 cm （R²=0.22）>100 cm （R²=0.31）;10、50和100 cm土层土壤温度与土壤湿度的综合作用可解释土壤呼吸速率的96%、6%~50%和22%~24%.综上所述,黄土丘陵区柠条人工纯林不同深度土壤温湿度对土壤呼吸速率影响存在差异,10 cm土层土壤呼吸速率受土壤温湿度的综合影响,但土壤温度的相对贡献更高,50 cm土层及以下土壤湿度为关键因子.研究结果有助于更好地预测未来气候变化对该区陆地生态系统碳循环影响,为温室气体调控提供理论依据.     

Techno-economic-environmental characteristics of polyurethane composite to thermal insulation for building with flame resistance: corroborative effect recycled of PVC and aluminum oxide

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - In this article, we present the results of the composite development obtained from polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and aluminum...     

Keep swimming but stop peeing in the pools

正Swimming is excellent exercise and offers many health benefits.However,the"chlorine smell"in swimming pools may be a turn-off for some people.Although this smell is often thought to be of chlorine,it actually comes from volatile compounds that are produced from unintended reactions between disinfectants(e.g.,chlorine)and organic matter in     

Association between occupational exposure to domestic solid waste and dental caries: a cross-sectional study

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Studies have shown that domestic waste collectors are exposed to toxicants including infectious pathogens, which may be linked to their oral health...     

Toxicity of cigarette butts and possible recycling solutions—a literature review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Tobacco is a worldwide-consumed product, which in addition to causing public health-related issues is responsible for the most common form of litter...