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201.
Dissolved organic carbon in runoff and tile-drain water under corn and forage fertilized with hog manure 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Royer I Angers DA Chantigny MH Simard RR Cluis D 《Journal of environmental quality》2007,36(3):855-863
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export from soils can play a significant role in soil C cycling and in nutrient and pollutant transport. However, information about DOC losses from agricultural soils as influenced by management practices is scarce. We compared the effects of mineral fertilizer (MF) and liquid hog manure (LHM) applications on the concentration and molecular size of DOC released in runoff and tile-drain water under corn (Zea mays L.) and forage cropping systems. Runoff and tile-drain water samples were collected during a 2-mo period (October to December 1998) and DOC concentration was measured. Characterization of DOC was performed by tangential ultrafiltration with nominal cut-offs at 3 and 100 kDa. Mean concentration of DOC in runoff water (12.7 mg DOC L(-1)) was higher than in tile-drain water (6.5 mg DOC L(-1)). Incorporation of corn residues increased the DOC concentration by 6- to 17-fold in surface runoff, but this effect was short-lived. In runoff water, the relative size of the DOC molecules increased when corn residues and LHM were applied probably due to partial microbial breakdown of these organic materials and to a faster decomposition or preferential adsorption of the small molecules. The DOC concentration in tile-drain water was slightly higher under forage (7.5 mg DOC L(-1)) than under corn (5.4 mg DOC L(-1)) even though the application rates of LHM were higher in corn plots. We suggest that preferential flow facilitated the migration of DOC to tile drains in forage plots. In conclusion, incorporation of corn residues and LHM increased the concentration of DOC and the relative size of the molecules in surface runoff water, whereas DOC in tile-drain water was mostly influenced by the cropping system with relatively more DOC and larger molecules under forage than corn. 相似文献
202.
Molly Johnston Chanelle Warton Mark D. Pertile Michelle Taylor-Sands Martin B. Delatycki Lisa Hui Julian Savulescu Catherine Mills 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(2):226-234
Prenatal screening for sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) is increasingly available through expanded non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). NIPT for SCAs raises complex ethical issues for clinical providers, prospective parents and future children. This paper discusses the ethical issues that arise around NIPT for SCAs and current guidelines and protocols for management. The first section outlines current practice and the limitations of NIPT for SCAs. It then outlines key guidelines before discussing the ethical issues raised by this use of NIPT. We conclude that while screening for SCAs should be made available for people seeking to use NIPT, its implementation requires careful consideration of what, when and how information is provided to users. 相似文献
203.
Pavlova Ekaterina Pashkunova-Martic Irena Schaier Martin Petrova Emilia Gluhcheva Yordanka Dorkov Peter Helbich Thomas H. Keppler Bernhard Koellensperger Gunda Ivanova Juliana 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(6):6784-6795
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, we compare the effects of deferiprone (Def) and tetraethylammonium salt of salinomycinic acid (Sal) on lead (Pb)-induced toxicity in... 相似文献
204.
Elisabeth Van Beveren Sylvain Bonhommeau Jean-Marc Fromentin Jean-Louis Bigot Jean-Hervé Bourdeix Pablo Brosset David Roos Claire Saraux 《Marine Biology》2014,161(8):1809-1822
Since 2007, the ecosystem of the Gulf of Lions has shifted to a different regime, characterised by a low anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardina pilchardus) biomass and a remarkably high sprat (Sprattus sprattus) biomass. Surprisingly, the abundance and recruitment of anchovy and sardine remained high. To understand which processes (bottom-up or top-down control, etc.) could have caused this shift, we studied the changes in body condition, growth and size and age of anchovy, sardine and sprat over 1984–1985 and 1992–2012, using data from scientific surveys. The annual age structure of anchovy and sardine was estimated using Bayesian mixture models based on size frequency data with priors on the age–length relationship derived from independent otolith readings. The results indicated periods during which anchovy and sardine were in an average (1992–2004), good (2005–2007) or poor (2008–2012) overall state of condition. For sardine, the shift towards smaller fish observed during these past 4 years was explained by a combination of slower growth and the disappearance of older individuals (ages 2+). Despite the increase in biomass of sprat since 2008, indications were found that sprat was also smaller than in the past. As growth and condition decreased and overexploitation has not been documented or suspected for those three species in this area, we propose that the current decline in sardine and anchovy biomass could be due to qualitative and/or quantitative modifications in the planktonic production (i.e. a bottom-up control) or mass mortalities of adults due to an epidemic disease. 相似文献
205.
William M. Adams Martin R. Perrow Angus Carpenter 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2005,48(6):877-889
The restoration of river environments has been of growing importance to river management and planning in the UK. The extension of ecological restoration to floodplains as well as river channels is more complex, partly because of the range of stakeholders and the diversity of relevant management institutions. This paper draws on a qualitative survey of river managers in the UK to identify institutional factors relevant to the success or failure of floodplain restoration projects. 相似文献
206.
Martin Guard Yunus D.Mgaya 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2002,31(7):528-536
2000年4月期间坦桑尼亚霞水母章鱼(1849)个体渔业的初步结果到2001年6月才被提供.对在坦噶、马菲亚岛和姆特瓦拉三地的2546个单个渔获物和15 473个样品进行了分析. 相似文献
207.
Crini Grégorio Cosentino Cesare Bradu Corina Fourmentin Marc Torri Giangiacomo Ruzimuradov Olim Alaton Idil Arslan Tomei Maria Concetta Derco Ján Barhoumi Mondher Prosen Helena Malinović Borislav N. Vrabeľ Martin Huq Mohammad Mahmudul Soltan Jafar Lichtfouse Eric Morin-Crini Nadia 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(4):2597-2628
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Alkylphenols and alkylphenol polyethoxylates are emerging hazardous contaminants due in particular to their endocrine-disrupting properties. These compounds... 相似文献
208.
Petrash Daniel A. Novák Martin Bohdálková Leona Krachler Micheal Čuřík Jan Veselovský František Štěpánová Markéta Umbría-Salinas Karelys Přechová Eva Komárek Arnost 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(13):16107-16121
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Arsenic (As) concentrations and deposition fluxes were measured in snow and rime at 10 mountain-top sites near the borders between the Czech Republic... 相似文献
209.
Subjective realities of climate change: how mental maps of impacts deliver socially sensible adaptation options 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper discusses the perceived impacts of weather-related extreme events on different social groups in New Delhi, India. Using network statistics and scenario analysis with the Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping as part of a vulnerability analysis, the investigation provides quantitative and qualitative measures to compare impacts and adaptation strategies for different social groups. Impacts of rain events and heat waves are considered and differ across groups. Rain events affect the lower income classes more, while heat waves are the bigger burden for higher income classes. Overall, the strength of perceived impacts is larger for lower income classes, directly threatening their daily incomes. Urban managers have no immediate feedback on their livelihood, but often refer to health issues. The strongest effect on ameliorating burdens is investments in schemes to ease traffic, e.g., by improving the sewage and drainage infrastructure paired with other supply side measures to enable transport of goods for lower income classes during rain. During heat events, improving the water supply situation would reduce burden for all, while constant electricity supply is an effective means in reducing burden for the higher income classes in particular. Our analysis suggests that improvements in the water supply and sewage infrastructure would be the most suitable first step to initiate a well-planned adaptation strategy for all social groups. 相似文献
210.