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101.
This paper presents the results of the examination of concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons in surface sediments from the middle of the Adriatic. the sampling area was chosen as part of the protection programme of the Adriatic Sea and is located at two transverse transects, each consisting of four stations. the sediments were collected during the summer cruise of 1990. Quantification of individual components was performed by Capillary Gas Chromatography (CGC) using reference standards. Areal distribution of the concentrations of HCB, lindane, DDT and its metabolites, dieldrin, endrin and PCBs are presented. the values obtained varied within a wide range of concentration from 20 pg/g dry weight for lindane to 700 pg/g dry weight for Σ DDT and the sum of PCBs as Aroclor 1254 from 0.3 to 6.6 ng/g. The main source of these compounds is thought to be from suspended matter entering the Adriatic sea via the River Po and transported by currents to its middle part. 相似文献
102.
103.
Frédéric Gazeau Laura M. Parker Steeve Comeau Jean-Pierre Gattuso Wayne A. O’Connor Sophie Martin Hans-Otto Pörtner Pauline M. Ross 《Marine Biology》2013,160(8):2207-2245
Over the next century, elevated quantities of atmospheric CO2 are expected to penetrate into the oceans, causing a reduction in pH (?0.3/?0.4 pH unit in the surface ocean) and in the concentration of carbonate ions (so-called ocean acidification). Of growing concern are the impacts that this will have on marine and estuarine organisms and ecosystems. Marine shelled molluscs, which colonized a large latitudinal gradient and can be found from intertidal to deep-sea habitats, are economically and ecologically important species providing essential ecosystem services including habitat structure for benthic organisms, water purification and a food source for other organisms. The effects of ocean acidification on the growth and shell production by juvenile and adult shelled molluscs are variable among species and even within the same species, precluding the drawing of a general picture. This is, however, not the case for pteropods, with all species tested so far, being negatively impacted by ocean acidification. The blood of shelled molluscs may exhibit lower pH with consequences for several physiological processes (e.g. respiration, excretion, etc.) and, in some cases, increased mortality in the long term. While fertilization may remain unaffected by elevated pCO2, embryonic and larval development will be highly sensitive with important reductions in size and decreased survival of larvae, increases in the number of abnormal larvae and an increase in the developmental time. There are big gaps in the current understanding of the biological consequences of an acidifying ocean on shelled molluscs. For instance, the natural variability of pH and the interactions of changes in the carbonate chemistry with changes in other environmental stressors such as increased temperature and changing salinity, the effects of species interactions, as well as the capacity of the organisms to acclimate and/or adapt to changing environmental conditions are poorly described. 相似文献
104.
Pascaline Le Gouar Alexandre Robert Jean-Pierre Choisy Sylvain Henriquet Philippe Lecuyer Christian Tessier Fran?ois Sarrazin 《Ecological applications》2008,18(4):859-872
The success of reintroduction programs greatly depends on the amount of mortality and dispersal of the released individuals. Although local environmental pressures are likely to play an important role in these processes, they have rarely been investigated because of the lack of spatial replicates of reintroduction. In the present study, we analyzed a 25-year data set encompassing 272 individuals released in five reintroduction programs of Griffon Vultures (Gyps fulvus) in France to examine the respective roles of survival and dispersal in program successes and failures. We use recent developments in multi-strata capture-recapture models to take into account tag loss in survival estimates and to consider and estimate dispersal among release areas. We also examined the effects of sex, age, time, area, and release status on survival, and we tested whether dispersal patterns among release areas were consistent with habitat selection theories. Results indicated that the survival of released adults was reduced during the first year after release, with no difference between sexes. Taking into account local observations only, we found that early survival rates varied across sites. However when we distinguished dispersal from mortality, early survival rates became equal across release sites. It thus appears that among reintroduction programs difference in failure and success was due to differential dispersal among release sites. We revealed asymmetrical patterns of dispersal due to conspecific attraction: dispersers selected the closest and the largest population. We showed that mortality can be homogeneous from one program to another while, on the contrary, dispersal is highly dependent on the matrix of established populations. Dispersal behavior is thus of major interest for metapopulation restoration and should be taken into account in planning reintroduction designs. 相似文献
105.
Coffin-Lowry syndrome is a rare X-linked, semi-dominant mental retardation syndrome resulting from mutations of the ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) gene. In the present report, a male patient affected with Coffin-Lowry syndrome is shown to have a nonsense mutation of the RSK2 gene. His unaffected mother does not have this mutation in her lymphocytes. In her third pregnancy prenatal diagnosis by mutation analysis has detected gonadal mosaicism. As this is the second report of germinal mosaicism in Coffin-Lowry syndrome, the finding has important implication for genetic counselling. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
106.
Jean-Pierre Meyer Dominique Flenghi Jean-Pierre Deschamps 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(4):449-470
To determine the effect of occupational stress on low-back pain (LBP), a cross-sectional study has been carried out, by interviews, on workers exposed to 3 stresses: manual handling (MH, 82 women and 264 men), whole body vibrations (WBV, 274 men), and static postures (278 women). Anthropometric data, occupational stress, LBP severity and frequency, and a psychological evaluation of these groups were compared to those of a control population of 208 workers (104 men and 104 women).The results show that 30% of the population had never suffered from LBP. Age and the body mass index of the workers were the parameters most closely associated with LBP. Women involved in MH had higher frequency and severity of LBP than their reference population. Men involved in MH or exposed to WBV had higher frequency of painful episodes than their reference population. Workers exposed to one of the stresses were on sick leave for LBP more often, and for longer periods, than workers in the reference group. The results show that individual factors are often decisive in the onset of LBP. Nevertheless, in the more serious LBP cases, occupational stress is an aggravating factor for LBP and its consequences. 相似文献
107.
Effects of photodegradation of dissolved organic matter on the binding of benzo(a)pyrene 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in natural waters can bind various organic pollutants, and the affinity of this binding is strongly influenced by the chemical characteristics of the DOM and water pH. This study examined the effects of photochemically induced alteration of the DOM's chemical properties and water pH on the binding of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). Time- and pH-series of solar-simulated irradiations were performed on a natural water sample and aqueous DOM solutions prepared from aquatic and soil humic substances. The binding affinity of BaP, expressed as a partition coefficient of a compound to DOM, decreased substantially after the DOM samples were irradiated over environmentally relevant radiation doses and pH ranges. The lowering of the pH due to the photoproduction of acidic products often partly offsets the reduction of the binding affinity caused by direct photoalteration of the DOM's chemical structure. The decrease of the binding affinity, after correction for the photoinduced pH change, was positively correlated with the decrease in the molecular weight and the aromaticity of the DOM in the course of irradiation. Increasing O(2) abundance accelerated the decrease of the binding affinity as a result of enhanced DOM photodegradation. Visible light played a more important role in reducing the molecular weight and aromaticity of the DOM than in reducing the content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) via photoremineralization while the reverse was true for UV radiation, indicating that photochemical reduction of the binding affinity may occur in natural waters at depths greater than UV radiation can reach. A decrease of the affinity of DOM for binding BaP will increase the free dissolved fraction of BaP and thus its availability and toxicity to aquatic organisms. The results from this study may have similar implications for organic pollutants other than BaP. 相似文献
108.
Mougenot Benoit Doussoulin Jean-Pierre 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2022,24(1):1031-1047
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The growing concern over the change in climatic conditions and the management and conservation of biological resources makes it necessary to create... 相似文献