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The effect of graded concentrations of copper was analyzed at morphological and cytological levels on two species of Ammonia (foraminifera) often found in polluted areas. The two species were sensitive to low concentration, but survived high concentration (threshold value<10 microg l(-1), lethal value>200 microg l(-1)), which gives them a high potential value as bioindicators. Increasing concentrations lead to (1) increasing delay before production of new chambers, explaining dwarfism in polluted areas; (2) increasing delay before reproduction and decreasing number of juveniles, explaining low density; and (3) increasing proportion of deformed tests. Cytological modifications occurred only in deformed specimens (thickening of the organic lining, proliferation of fibrillar and of large lipidic vesicles, increased number of residual bodies). They may be responsible for anomalies in biomineralization processes. The detection of sulfur in deformed specimens suggests that foraminifers may have a detoxification mechanism with production of a metallothionein-like protein. 相似文献
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Cariou R Antignac JP Zalko D Berrebi A Cravedi JP Maume D Marchand P Monteau F Riu A Andre F Le Bizec B 《Chemosphere》2008,73(7):1036-1041
A French monitoring study was initiated to evaluate the exposure of fetus and newborn to brominated flame retardants (BFR). A previously developed multi-residue analytical method was used for measuring the main classes of BFR (tetrabromobisphenol-A, and tri- to decabomodiphenyl ethers) in various human biological matrices. Analyzed samples (maternal and cord serum, adipose tissue and breast milk) were collected from 93 volunteer women during caesarean deliveries. TBBPA was detected in 44% of the analyzed breast milk samples, at levels varying from 0.06 to 37.34 ng g(-1) lipid weight, but was not detected in adipose tissue. This compound was also detected in 30% of the analyzed serum samples, with similar average values in maternal and cord serum (154 pg g(-1) fresh weight versus 199 pg g(-1) fresh weight, respectively). The interpretation of the collected data permitted the demonstration of (1) a significant exposure to TBBPA both for mothers and fetuses and (2) a possible risk of overexposure of newborns through breastfeeding. 相似文献
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The oxidative degradation of 2-chlorophenol in air (equivalence ratio phi=0.8) was investigated at 350 degrees C by using the sealed tube technique under different conditions: in the gas phase and in the presence of copper chlorides (CuCl2 and CuCl in different proportions). Not only PCDD/Fs but carbon oxides and other organic products such as chlorophenols, chlorobenzenes, tetrachloroethylene and tetrachlorocyclopentenedione were quantified in order to evaluate the relative importance of reaction pathways. Additional experiments were performed to analyse the degradation products of octachlorodibenzodioxin and 2-monochlorodibenzodioxin. Although it was stated that chlorobenzenes could be formation precursors for PCDD/Fs, experimental data obtained in this work show that chlorobenzenes can also be degradation products of PCDD/Fs. 相似文献
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Ingrid Witters Philippe Moerman Maximilian Muenke Frans-André Van Assche Koen Devriendt Eric Legius Dominique Van Schoubroeck Jean-Pierre Fryns 《黑龙江环境通报》2001,21(10):839-841
We report the prenatal echographic diagnosis of holoprosencephaly (HPE) at 11 weeks' gestation. Fetopathological examination revealed an unusual variant of semilobar HPE with middle interhemispheric fusion associated with sex-reversal: 46,XY normal male karyotype, normal external and internal female genitalia and streak gonads. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Jean-Pierre Lechaire Ghislaine Frébourg Françoise Gaill Olivier Gros 《Marine Biology》2008,154(4):693-700
In this study, Codakia orbicularis gill-tissues were cryo-fixed by using high-pressure freezing, a freeze substitution process and finally by cryo-embedding
in Lowicryl. Ultrathin sections were then used for an EFTEM microanalysis. Results show that intracellular bacterial symbionts
contain elemental sulphur in periplasmic vesicles as indicated by conventional TEM. When sulphur is temporarily depleted in
the environment, such structures may act as energy sources for bacterial metabolism. Moreover, sulphate was detected in the
cytoplasm of the bacterial symbionts, suggesting the oxidation of elemental sulphur, located in periplasmic granules, to sulphate
(the final step in sulphur oxidation) by these chemoautotrophic bacteria. To assess the effects of host starvation on the
bacterial sulphur content, adult individuals of C. orbicularis were maintained in starvation for 6 weeks in sterile artificial seawater depleted in sulphur. During starvation, both (1)
the number of bacteria inside the bacteriocytes and (2) the number of periplasmic granules per prokaryotic cell decreased.
The content of the remaining periplasmic granules had been modified to sulphate. This observation suggests that bacterial
gill-endosymbionts used the elemental sulphur in their periplasmic granules as stored substrate for oxidation in order to
produce energy in case of sulphur depletion. 相似文献