废水回用工艺中曝气生物滤池的特性研究

以页岩陶粒为滤料,对曝气生物滤池的运行性能进行了研究。通过考察水力负荷对COD、氨氮去除效果的影响试验,容积负荷对COD去除效果试验,BAF对浊度的去除效果、抗冲击能力试验;结果显示:COD最佳水力负荷为7.0m3/h,NH4+-N最佳水力负荷为5.0m3/h,COD最佳容积负荷为5.89kg/(m3.d);进水浊度平均为12.7NTU,出水浊度平均为3.5NTU时,平均去除率为72.4%。水力冲击负荷对硝化菌的影响较小,而对异养菌影响较大。     

Enhancement of anaerobic biodegradability of flower stem wastes with vegetable wastes by co-hydrolysis

The vegetable wastes and flower stems were co-digested to evaluate the anaerobic hydrolysis performance of difficultly biodegradable organic wastes by introducing readily biodegradable organic wastes. The experiments were carried out in batches. When the vegetable wastes were mixed with the flower stems at the dry weight ratio of 1 to 13, the overall hydrolysis rate increased by 8%, 12%, and 2% according to the carbon, nitrogen, and total solid （TS） conversion rate, respectively. While the dry weight ratio was designed as 1 to 3, there was a respective rise of 5%, 15%, and 4% in the conversion rate of carbon, nitrogen, and TS. The enhancement of anaerobic hydrolysis from the mixed vegetable wastes and flower stems can be attributed to the formation of volatile fatty acids （VFA） and nutrient supplement like nitrogen content. The maximum VFA concentration can achieve 1.7 g/L owing to the rapid acidification of vegetable wastes, loosing the structure of lignocellulose materials. The statistic bivariate analysis revealed that the hydrolysis performance was significantly related to the physical and biochemical compositions of the feeding substrate. Especially, the soluble carbon concentration in the liquid was significantly positively correlated to the concentration of nitrogen and hemicellulose, and negatively correlated to the concentration of carbon and lignocellulose in the feeding substrate, suggesting that the regulation and control of feedstock can have an important influence on the anaerobic hydrolysis of organic wastes.     

土壤的重金属污染与土壤酶活性

本文根据模拟研究,论述了不同用量的重金属Hg、Cd和Pb对不同肥力水平的棕壤和红壤的过氧化氢酶、转化酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性的影响.重金属对土壤酶抑制作用的顺序为:Hg>Cd>Pb.且随金属浓度的增大而增强.实验表明,重金属对土壤酶活性的抑制是一种暂时现象、由于脲酶活性恢复得较少较慢,故建议用土壤的脲酶活性作为土壤Hg污染程度的指标.     

Characteristics of urban ozone level in Hong Kong

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＯｚｏｎｅｉｓａｎａｉｒｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｆｏｒｍｅｄｔｈｒｏｕｇｈａｓｅｒｉｅｓｏｆｐｈｏｔｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｒｏｐｏｓｐｈｅｒｅａｎｄｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｐｈｙｔｏｔｏｘｉｃａｉｒｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓ.Ｉｎｇｅｎｅｒａｌ,ｄｉｒｅｃｔｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｏｆｏｚｏｎｅｆｒｏｍａｎｔｈｒｏｐｏｇｅｎｉｃｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｉｓｎｅｇｌｉｇｉｂｌｅｉｎｔｈｅｆｒｅｅｔｒｏｐｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ .Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｆｏｒ…     

聚烯烃类废塑料热分解技术中催化剂的选择和机理初探

研究使用不同催化剂情况下聚烯烃类废塑料热分解回收燃油的技术,并对废塑料的热分解机理进行了探讨．结果表明,自制的含大孔径分子筛的ＮＬＧ系列催化剂具有较好的催化性能,在裂解温度４３０℃,催化温度为３６０℃情况下,热分解后油产率为８７．５％,油品中汽油馏分达４１．３％,辛烷值为８８．３,每ｔ生产成本仅１２０００元左右,循环使用２０５余次后,仍保持良好的催化性能．     

液化石油气轿车实际道路污染物排放特征

利用PEMS对国2技术LPG出租轿车和汽油轿车的实际道路排放进行测试,基于测试数据对LPG轿车排放特征进行解析,并与汽油轿车的排放因子进行对比分析.结果显示:速度和行驶模式对LPG轿车污染物排放影响明显;LPG轿车CO 2、CO、HC和NOx污染物的实测排放因子分别为(169.5±22.2)、(2.18±2.38)、(...     

大气过氧化氢及有机过氧化物的测定

采用ＨＰＬＣ柱后衍生荧光法测定了５、６月份中关村地区大气中的Ｈ２Ｏ２和有机过氧化物,除Ｈ２Ｏ２外,共测出了７种以上有机过氧化物。有３种通过ＨＰＬＣ色谱保留时间得到了鉴定。分别是甲基过氧化氢,羟甲基过氧化氢和乙基过氧化氢。     

Effects of metal cations on sorption-desorption of p-nitrophenol onto wheat ash

The mutual e ects of metal cations (Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+) and p-nitrophenol (NP) on their adsorption desorption behavior onto wheat ash were studied. Results suggested that Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ diminished the adsorption and increased the desorption of NP remarkably, while Cd2+ had no such e ect. In contrast, NP diminished the adsorption of Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ onto ash, however, this suppression e ect depended on the initial concentrations of metal cations. NP had no e ect on Cd2+ adsorption on ash. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) studies suggested the following mechanisms responsible for the metal suppression e ect on NP adsorption: (1) large hydrated Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ shells occupied the surface of ash and prevent nonspecific adsorption of NP onto ash surface; (2) Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ may block the micropores of ash, resulting in decreased adsorption of NP; (3) complexation of Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ was likely via carboxyl, hydroxylic and phenolic groups of wheat ash and these same groups may also react with NP during adsorption. As a “soft acid”, Cd2+ is less e cient in the complexation of oxygencontaining acid groups than Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+. Thus, Cd2+ had no e ect on the adsorption of NP on wheat ash.     

碳源类型对反硝化除磷系统的影响

选择乙酸钠、丙酸钠和葡萄糖三类典型碳源,分别考察其对反硝化除磷系统的影响。碳源的短期改变实验表明,反硝化聚磷菌对乙酸钠和丙酸钠的利用没有选择性,两者效率相近;葡萄糖作为碳源造成系统除磷能力的大幅度下降。对不同碳源系统的长期实验结果表明,以丙酸钠为碳源的除磷系统的长期运行效果与以乙酸钠为碳源的系统相近,以葡萄糖为碳源造成...     

Simultaneous removal of ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursors from high ammonia water by zeolite and powdered activated carbon

When adding sufficient chlorine to achieve breakpoint chlorination to source water containing high concentration of ammonia during drinking water treatment, high concentrations of disinfection by-products(DBPs) may form. If N-nitrosamine precursors are present, highly toxic N-nitrosamines, primarily N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA), may also form. Removing their precursors before disinfection should be a more effective way to minimize these DBPs formation. In this study, zeolites and activated carbon were examined for ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursor removal when incorporated into drinking water treatment processes.The test results indicate that Mordenite zeolite can remove ammonia and five of seven N-nitrosamine precursors efficiently by single step adsorption test. The practical applicability was evaluated by simulation of typical drinking water treatment processes using six-gang stirring system. The Mordenite zeolite was applied at the steps of lime softening, alum coagulation, and alum coagulation with powdered activated carbon(PAC) sorption. While the lime softening process resulted in poor zeolite performance, alum coagulation did not impact ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursor removal. During alum coagulation, more than67% ammonia and 70%–100% N-nitrosamine precursors were removed by Mordenite zeolite(except 3-(dimethylaminomethyl)indole(DMAI) and 4-dimethylaminoantipyrine(DMAP)). PAC effectively removed DMAI and DMAP when added during alum coagulation. A combination of the zeolite and PAC selected efficiently removed ammonia and all tested seven N-nitrosamine precursors(dimethylamine(DMA), ethylmethylamine(EMA), diethylamine(DEA), dipropylamine(DPA), trimethylamine(TMA), DMAP, and DMAI) during the alum coagulation process.