全文获取类型
收费全文 | 18614篇 |
免费 | 168篇 |
国内免费 | 122篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 493篇 |
废物处理 | 704篇 |
环保管理 | 2235篇 |
综合类 | 5430篇 |
基础理论 | 3883篇 |
环境理论 | 2篇 |
污染及防治 | 4403篇 |
评价与监测 | 994篇 |
社会与环境 | 686篇 |
灾害及防治 | 74篇 |
出版年
2018年 | 223篇 |
2017年 | 225篇 |
2016年 | 314篇 |
2015年 | 247篇 |
2014年 | 343篇 |
2013年 | 1235篇 |
2012年 | 422篇 |
2011年 | 590篇 |
2010年 | 545篇 |
2009年 | 614篇 |
2008年 | 662篇 |
2007年 | 654篇 |
2006年 | 596篇 |
2005年 | 518篇 |
2004年 | 562篇 |
2003年 | 504篇 |
2002年 | 483篇 |
2001年 | 660篇 |
2000年 | 449篇 |
1999年 | 319篇 |
1998年 | 219篇 |
1997年 | 213篇 |
1996年 | 212篇 |
1995年 | 250篇 |
1994年 | 266篇 |
1993年 | 231篇 |
1992年 | 242篇 |
1991年 | 245篇 |
1990年 | 269篇 |
1989年 | 243篇 |
1988年 | 190篇 |
1987年 | 194篇 |
1986年 | 190篇 |
1985年 | 190篇 |
1984年 | 211篇 |
1983年 | 199篇 |
1982年 | 208篇 |
1981年 | 218篇 |
1980年 | 181篇 |
1979年 | 186篇 |
1978年 | 159篇 |
1977年 | 150篇 |
1976年 | 142篇 |
1974年 | 148篇 |
1973年 | 150篇 |
1968年 | 157篇 |
1967年 | 184篇 |
1966年 | 154篇 |
1965年 | 148篇 |
1964年 | 151篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 812 毫秒
801.
Source to sink tracking of selected human pharmaceuticals from two Oslo city hospitals and a wastewater treatment works 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Thomas KV Dye C Schlabach M Langford KH 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2007,9(12):1410-1418
The occurrence of twenty pharmaceutical compounds was quantitatively determined in effluents from two major Oslo city hospitals, Rikshospitalet and Ullev?l, along with influent, sludge and final effluent from the city's VEAS wastewater treatment works (WTW). Composite hospital effluents were collected over a twelve week period and were showed to contain paracetamol, metoprolol, diclofenac, ibuprofen, 17beta-Estradiol, estriol, estrone, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, doxycycline, chlorotetracycline, demeclocycline, trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide. Three pharmaceuticals were not detected above the limit of detection; cefuroxime, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol and meclocycline. Composite influent, sludge and effluent samples were collected from VEAS WTW over a seven week period. The influent into VEAS WTW contained all of the same selected substances detected in the hospital effluents, except for oxytetracycline, chlorotetracycline, demeclocycline, cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide. The percentage of pharmaceuticals entering the works from the hospitals was <10% for all of the selected compounds. VEAS sludge samples contained a different profile of substances reflecting their physico-chemical properties. Hydrophobic antibiotics, such as oxytetracycline, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin, were detected in all of the collected sludge samples. Their absence in the collected influent samples suggests that they enter the works bound to effluent particles, with the dissolved fraction observed in the hospital effluents partitioning onto particulate matter within the sewerage network. The final effluent from VEAS WTW contained reduced concentrations of many pharmaceuticals, including paracetamol, ibuprofen and sulfamethoxazole. For other compounds, such as metoprolol, diclofenac and trimethoprim, there were often higher concentrations in the effluent than the influent. These effluent concentrations represent median inputs varying from low g day(-1) (e.g. paracetamol and ibuprofen) to nearly 200 g day(-1) (e.g. metoprolol and trimethoprim) into Oslofjord. A simple risk assessment showed that the antibiotic ciprofloxacin may at times pose an acute risk to the Oslofjord aquatic environment. 相似文献
802.
Cabana H Jiwan JL Rozenberg R Elisashvili V Penninckx M Agathos SN Jones JP 《Chemosphere》2007,67(4):770-778
The biocatalytic elimination of the endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) nonylphenol (NP) and bisphenol A (BPA) and the personal care product ingredient triclosan (TCS) by the enzyme preparation from the white rot fungus Coriolopsis polyzona was investigated. Analysis of variance methodology showed that the pH and the temperature are statistically significant factors in the removal of NP, BPA and TCS. The elimination of NP and TCS was best at a temperature of 50 degrees C and the disappearance of BPA at 40 degrees C, whereas the most suitable pH for all three micropollutants was 5. After a 4-h treatment of the three target compounds at concentrations of 5 mg l(-1) all of the NP and BPA were eliminated. In the case of TCS, 65% was removed after either a 4 or an 8-h treatment. The utilisation of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) in the laccase/mediator system significantly increased the efficiency of the enzymatic treatment. The elimination of NP and BPA was directly associated with the disappearance of the estrogenic activity. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that the enzymatic treatment produced high molecular weight metabolites through a radical polymerization mechanism of NP, BPA and TCS. These oligomers were produced through the formation of C-C or C-O bonds. The polymerization of NP produced dimers, trimers, tetramers and pentamers which had molecular weights of 438, 656, 874 and 1092 amu respectively. The polymerization of BPA produced dimers, trimers and tetramers which had molecular weights of 454, 680 and 906 amu. Finally, the polymerization of TCS produced dimers, trimers and tetramers which had molecular weights of 574, 859 and 1146 amu. 相似文献
803.
Hayes F Jones ML Mills G Ashmore M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,146(3):754-762
This study identified 83 species from existing publications suitable for inclusion in a database of sensitivity of species to ozone (OZOVEG database). An index, the relative sensitivity to ozone, was calculated for each species based on changes in biomass in order to test for species traits associated with ozone sensitivity. Meta-analysis of the ozone sensitivity data showed a wide inter-specific range in response to ozone. Some relationships in comparison to plant physiological and ecological characteristics were identified. Plants of the therophyte lifeform were particularly sensitive to ozone. Species with higher mature leaf N concentration were more sensitive to ozone than those with lower leaf N concentration. Some relationships between relative sensitivity to ozone and Ellenberg habitat requirements were also identified. In contrast, no relationships between relative sensitivity to ozone and mature leaf P concentration, Grime's CSR strategy, leaf longevity, flowering season, stomatal density and maximum altitude were found. The relative sensitivity of species and relationships with plant characteristics identified in this study could be used to predict sensitivity to ozone of untested species and communities. 相似文献
804.
Dynamic responses of photosystem II in the Namib Desert shrub, Zygophyllum prismatocarpum, during and after foliar deposition of limestone dust 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
van Heerden PD Krüger GH Kilbourn Louw M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,146(1):34-45
The effects of limestone dust deposition on vegetation in desert ecosystems have not yet been reported. We investigated these effects in a succulent shrub from the Namib Desert at a limestone quarry near Skorpion Zinc mine (Namibia). Effects of limestone dust were determined in Zygophyllum prismatocarpum (dollar bush) plants with heavy, moderate and no visible foliar dust cover by means of chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements. Limestone dust deposition decreased overall plant performance through loss of chlorophyll content, inhibition of CO(2) assimilation, uncoupling of the oxygen-evolving complex and decreased electron transport. Importantly, dynamic recovery occurred after termination of limestone extraction at the quarry. Recovery was accelerated by rainfall, mainly because of dust removal from leaves and stimulation of new growth. These results indicate that limestone dust has severe effects on photosynthesis in desert shrubs, but that recovery is possible and that, in arid environments, this process is modulated by rainfall. 相似文献
805.
Exemplifying whole-plant ozone uptake in adult forest trees of contrasting species and site conditions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nunn AJ Wieser G Metzger U Löw M Wipfler P Häberle KH Matyssek R 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,146(3):629-639
Whole-tree O3 uptake was exemplified for Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica and Larix decidua in stands at high and low altitude and contrasting water availability through sap flow measurement in tree trunks, intrinsically accounting for drought and boundary layer effects on O3 flux. O3 uptake of evergreen spruce per unit foliage area was enhanced by 100% at high relative to low elevation, whereas deciduous beech and larch showed similar uptake regardless of altitude. The responsiveness of the canopy conductance to water vapor and, as a consequence, O3 uptake to soil moisture and air humidity did not differ between species. Unifying findings at the whole-tree level will promote cause-effect based O3 risk assessment and modeling. 相似文献
806.
Jiménez-Ramos MC Barros H García-Tenorio R García-León M Vioque I Manjón G 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,145(2):391-394
The characterisation by ICP-MS of an isolated Pu-U hot particle originating from the nuclear weapons accident in Palomares (Spain) shows, for the first time, that its uranium content is highly enriched in (235)U. The enrichment has been confirmed by independent analyses of two surface soil samples collected in a heavily contaminated area close to the impact point of one of the bombs. This finding clarifies better the composition of the weapons involved in the accident and is of importance when the inventory of U and Pu in the contaminated area are to be calculated. 相似文献
807.
Real time remote monitoring of air pollutants and their online transmission to the web using internet protocol 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anjaneyulu Y Jayakumar I Bindu VH Rao PV Sagareswar G Ramani KV Rao TH 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,124(1-3):371-381
Recent advances in both information and sensor technologies have enabled the development of Real Time Remote Monitoring (RTRM)
capabilities for environmental management. An online and real time remote monitoring system for air pollution has been designed
and installed at a traffic police station at Punjagutta in Hyderabad, India. The system is optimized using electrochemical
sensors and a real time particulate matter analyzer. The system also monitors meteorological parameters such as temperature,
humidity, rainfall, barometric pressure, wind speed and wind direction. The system periodically monitors both pollution and
meteorological parameters at pre- programmed intervals of hr during peak periods and 1 hr during non peak periods of the day and continuously uploads to a predestinated web site (www.appcb.org/home.htm)
using File Transfer Protocol. The web site renders a quick, simple and graphical display of air pollution levels and meteorological
parameters and their significance to humans. The present paper highlights design considerations of a pollution monitoring
system, system hardware and software requirements and practical limitations and future directions for real time remote monitoring
of air pollution. 相似文献
808.
One hundred forty seven samples of bovine milk were collected from 14 districts of Haryana, India during December 1998–February
1999 and analysed for the presence of organochlorine pesticide (OCPs) residues. ∑HCH, ∑DDT, ∑endosulfan and aldrin were detected
in 100%, 97%, 43% and 12% samples and with mean values of 0.0292, 0.0367, 0.0022 and 0.0036 μg/ml, respectively. Eight percent
samples exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL) of 0.10 mg/kg as recommended by WHO for ∑HCH, 4% samples of 0.05 mg/kg for
α-HCH, 5% samples of 0.01 mg/kg for γ-HCH, 26% samples of 0.02 mg/kg for β-HCH as recommended by PFAA and 24% samples of 0.05 mg/kg
as recommended by FAO for ∑DDT. Concentrations of β-HCH and p,p′-DDE were more as compared to other isomers and metabolites
of HCH and DDT. 相似文献
809.
A study was conducted in central Texas to determine the potential of using remote sensing technology to distinguish Ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei Buchholz) infestations on rangelands. Plant canopy reflectance measurements showed that Ashe juniper had lower near-infrared reflectance than other associated woody plant species and lower visible reflectance than mixed herbaceous species in spring and summer. Ashe juniper could be distinguished on color-infrared aerial photographs acquired in March, April, June, and August and on QuickBird false color satellite imagery obtained in June, where it had a distinct dark reddish-brown tonal response. Unsupervised classification techniques were used to classify aerial photographic and satellite imagery of study sites. An accuracy assessment performed on a computer classified map of a photographic image showed that Ashe juniper had producer's and user's accuracies of 100% and 92.9%, respectively, whereas an accuracy assessment performed on a classified map of a satellite image of the same site showed that Ashe juniper had producer's and user's accuracies of 94.1% and 88.1%, respectively. Accuracy assessments performed on classified maps of satellite images of two additional study sites showed that Ashe juniper had producer's and user's accuracies that ranged from 87.1% to 96.4%. These results indicate that both color-infrared photography and false color satellite imagery can be used successfully for distinguishing Ashe juniper infestations. 相似文献
810.
Three different polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe types were subjected to de-ionized water exposures over the course of at least 180 days. Water exposed to the pipe was analyzed for organotin speciation and concentration. Organotin concentrations were the highest during the first 1-5 days. The species and concentrations of organotins leached varied by pipe type. Data were normalized by surface area in order to compare laboratory results with results from a residential pipe system. For one pipe type, the lowest non-zero concentrations from the laboratory tests overestimated organotin concentrations in solution when compared with water samples from the same pipe type in a residence. For organotin exposure estimates, a range of 0.1 ng m(-2) to 10 ng m(-2) could be used for mature pipes (e.g. in use for 1 year). These estimates should be refined with more field study, however, due to the high variation in organotin species and concentrations leached as a function of pipe type, accuracy within an order of magnitude may be optimal as, in many instances, the type of pipe installed or buried may be unknown. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to identify organic and inorganic tin species in reference materials and the PVC samples. Monobutyl tin was identified as the primary organotin species in the pipes. Results from the XAS analyses also indicate that the technique shows promise for distinguishing between inorganic tin and organotins. Furthermore, organotins may be distinguished between mono-, di-, and tri-ligand species using XAS. 相似文献